高考改革招考分离的探索、困境与未来选择

The Policy Progresses,Dilemmas and Future Choices of the Separation of Admission and Gaokao Entrance Examination

2010年颁布的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》首次提出探索招生与考试相对分离,2013年《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》重申了这一改革方向,而2014年及以后国家和地方的高考改革政策文本中招考分离未再出现。招考分离整体推进遭受挫折,制约要素包括但不限于:政府主导统一推进而其他主体参与不足;高校改革动力能力与学生选择权利受限;理论界及民众对招考分离的改革未达成共识。作为党和国家曾经明确提出的改革方向,招考分离的理论研究与实践探索都不宜就此停止。面向未来的高考综合改革需要:政府宏观管理,其他主体亦承担起各自职责开放探索;立足高校责任困境与学生权益保障的突破渐进变革;持续增进理论供给与科普推广并在与招考合一竞争的实践中进行检验和纠错。

In 2010,the outline of national medium and long term education reform and development plan proposed for the first time to explore the relative separation of admission and entrance examination. In 2013,the decision of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensively deepening reform reiterated this reform goal. Subsequently,the separation of admission and entrance examination in the new policy of national and municipal Gaokao new policy is absent. The overall promotion of the separation of admission and entrance examination had suffered a serious setback. Constraints include but not limited to: the governments lead the unified promotion,while other subjects lack initiative;the reform motivation,the independent admission right and the evaluation professional ability of Colleges and the examinees’ choices rights are lack;the consensuses of the academic circles and the public are still weak. As the CPC and the state have clearly put forward the direction of reform,the theoretical research and practical exploration should not stop. The future reforms need : government macro management while Other subjects also undertake their own responsibilities,open exploration;based on the breakthrough of responsibility dilemma of colleges and universities and the protection of examinees’ rights, continuous promotion of theory supply and popularization of science popularization,and test and correct errors in practice.