高温时福利化管理对青年驴生长、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

Effects of welfare management on growth,immunity and antioxidation indexes of growing donkeys at high temperature

旨在探讨高温时福利化管理对青年驴生长、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。选取24头青年母驴,随机分为4个处理组:部分透光单层顶棚组(对照组)、隔热棉顶棚组、隔热棉顶棚+风扇组、隔热棉顶棚+风扇+喷淋组,每个处理组6头驴,试验共42 d,每天记录采食量,每周第7天测量基础生理指标,于试验第21和42天进行颈静脉采血,分离血清测定免疫和抗氧化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,3组福利化管理处理组平均日增体质量(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著升高(P<0.01),料重比(F∶G)显著降低(P<0.05);试验前期干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)和钙(Ca)的表观消化率极显著升高(P<0.01),试验后期DM表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05),EE、Ca和磷(P)的表观消化率极显著升高(P<0.01);在5:00时4个处理组间各项基础生理指标无显著性差异,在14:00时头部、耳部和腿部皮肤温度及直肠温度极显著降低(P<0.01),腹部皮肤温度显著降低(P<0.05);试验前期白介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P<0.05),白介素4(IL-4)含量极显著升高(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著升高(P<0.05),试验后期,IL-1β和TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.05),IgG含量显著升高(P<0.05);试验前期,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。3组福利化处理组间有个别指标存在差异,但综合整个试验期来看各项指标无显著性差异。综上所述,高温时采用隔热棉顶棚能够提高青年驴生长性能,促进机体免疫水平,增强青年驴抗氧化功能。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of welfare management on growth,immunity and antioxidative indexes of growing donkeys at high temperature.Twenty-four growing female donkeys were selected and divided into four treatment groups:partly transparent single-storey roof group(control group),insulated cotton sandwich roof group,insulated cotton sandwich roof+fan group,insulated cotton sandwich roof+fan+spray group.There were six donkeys in each group.The study lasted for 42 d.Feed intake was recorded every day.Basic physiological indexes were measured on the 7 th d of each week.Blood samples were collected from jugular vein on the 21 st and 42 nd d of the experiment.Serum was separated to determine immune and antioxidative indexes.The results showed as follows:compared with the control group,the average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)in welfare management treatment groups were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the ratio of feed to gain(F∶G)was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),ether extract(EE),crude ash(Ash)and calcium(Ca)was significantly increased in the early period(P<0.01),and the apparent digestibility of DM was significantly increased in the later period(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of EE,Ca and phosphorus(P)was significantly increased(P<0.01).At 5:00,there were no significant differences in the basic physiological indexes among the four treatment groups.At 14:00,the skin temperature of the head,ears,legs and rectum were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the abdominal skin temperature was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In the early period interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)content decreased significantly(P<0.05),interleukin-4(IL-4)content significantly increased(P<0.01),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content significantly increased(P<0.05).In the late period,IL-1βand TNF-αcontent decreased significantly(P<0.05),IgG levels was significantly elevated(P<0.05).At the early stage of experiment,the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),catalase(CAT)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were significantly decreased(P<0.01).There were differences in individual indexes among the three groups of welfare management,but there was no significant difference in all indexes during the whole trial period.In conclusion,the use of insulated cotton roof at high temperature can improve the growth performance of growing donkeys,promote the immune level of the body,and enhance the antioxidant function of growing donkeys.