农村集体经济组织法人的实现形式

Research on the Implementation Form of Special Legal Person in Rural Collective Economic Organization

农村集体经济组织是为落实集体所有制而作出的一项制度安排。在我国实证法体系中,农民集体和农村集体经济组织应解释为两个不同的民事主体。前者是集体土地等自然资源的所有权人,意在确保负载于集体所有权之上的国家意志得以实现,规避市场交易中的风险。对农村集体集体经济组织进行法人化改造的实质,是将其塑造为农民集体意志的形成、表达和执行主体,从而使集体所有的资产能够顺利进入市场,破解“农民集体所有”可能引发的权利虚置难题。《民法典》第99条应解释为将农村集体经济组织统一为法人的形式,其法人化改造的依据除即将制定的“农村集体经济组织法人法”之外,还应当包括有关营利法人的特别立法。

The rural collective economic organization is an institutional arrangement for the implementation of collective ownership. In China’s positive law system, the farmer collective and the rural collective economic organization should be interpreted as two different civil subjects. The former is the owner of natural resources such as collective land, which aims to ensure that the national will upon the collective ownership can be realized in circumvention of the risks in market transactions. The essence of the legal person transformation of rural collective economic organizations is to mold them into the main body of the formation, expression and implementation of farmers’ collective will, so that the collectively owned assets can smoothly enter the market and solve the problem of right-fabrication caused by “farmers’ collective ownership”. Article 99 of the Civil Code should be interpreted as unifying rural collective economic organizations as legal persons. The basis for the transformation of legal personification transformation should include special legislation on profit-making legal persons in addition to the upcoming enactment of the “law on legal persons of rural collective economic organizations” to be enacted.