Experimental study on the multiscale scattering of high-velocity heterogeneous bodies

高速非均质体多尺度散射的实验研究

There are complex heterogeneous entities in the underground medium,and the heterogeneous scale has a substantial impact on wave propagation.In this study,we used a set of 11 samples of glass beads as high-velocity heterogeneous bodies to evaluate the impact of such heterogeneous bodies on the propagation of P-wave.We vary the heterogeneous scale by changing the diameter of the glass beads from 0.18 to 11 mm while keeping the same volume proportion(10%)of the beads for the set of 11 samples.The pulse transmission method was used to record measurements at the ultrasonic frequencies of 0.34,0.61,and 0.84 MHz in the homogeneous matrix.The relationship between P-wave fi eld features and heterogeneity scale,P-wave velocity,and the multiple of the wave number and heterogeneous scale(ka)was observed in the laboratory,which has sparked widespread interest and research.Heterogeneous scale affects P-wave propagation,and its wave field changes are complex.The waveform,amplitude,and velocity of the recorded P-waves correlate with the heterogeneous scale.For the forward scattering while large-scale heterogeneities,noticeable direct and diff racted waves are observed in the laboratory,which indicates that the infl uence of direct and diff racted waves cannot be ignored for large-scale heterogeneities.The relationship between velocity and ka shows frequency dependence;the reason is that the magnitude of change in velocity caused by wave number is diff erent from that caused by heterogeneous scale.According to the change in the recorded waveform,amplitude variation,or the relationship between the velocity measured at diff erent frequencies and the heterogeneous scale,the identifi ed turning points of the ray approximation are all around ka=10.When ka is less than 1,the velocity changes slowly and gradually approaches the eff ective medium velocity.The ray velocity measured for heterogeneous media with large velocity perturbations in the laboratory is signifi cantly smaller than the velocity predicted by the perturbation theory.

地下介质内部存在着复杂的非均质体,其非均质尺度对地震波传播具有显著影响。本文设计了一组11种直径的玻璃珠高速非均质模型,研究了这种三维非均质体对纵波传播的影响。每个模型中玻璃珠的体积分数(10%)相同,玻璃珠直径在0.18-11mm范围内变化。通过三种基质频率(0.83、0.61和0.34MHz)的超声脉冲测试,分析了纵波随非均质体尺度变化的波场特征及基质波数与非均质尺度乘积(ka)对纵波速度的影响。实验发现,非均质尺度影响波的传播,其波场变化较为复杂,记录的波形、振幅、速度等的变化与非均质尺度有明显的相关性;对于非均质体尺度较大的前向散射,在实验室中观察到明显的直达波与衍射波,这表明对于大尺度非均匀体,不能忽略直达波与衍射波的影响;速度与ka的关系表现出频率依赖性,这主要是由波数k、非均质尺度a引起的速度变化率不同引起的;不论是依据波形、振幅变化规律,还是不同频率速度与非均质尺度a之间的关系,确定的射线近似转换点在ka=10附近;当ka小于1时,速度缓慢变化并逐渐接近有效介质速度;对于速度扰动较大的非均匀介质,实验室测量的射线速度要明显小于微扰理论预测的速度。