上海滨浦园林历史变迁及其特色探析

Investigation of the Evolution and Characteristics of Shanghai Riverside Gardens

上海起源于吴淞江南岸,得名于吴淞江支流上海浦,上海的园林形象与江湖峰泽的自然景象有着密切的联系。至清末上海开埠,虽城区中的园林杂糅入异国造园特征,但上海腹地一带的广袤农田和自然村落中的园林景象依旧有着结庐滨浦的意蕴。基于大地理环境,研究尝试从园林与河网水系间的关系,探讨上海私家园林的历史变迁,从园林地域特色挖掘上海私家园林源于江南而又自成海派一脉的成因。结果显示,在上海滨浦园林的特色背后,体现的是地域风貌对生长于此之人及物的深度浸润,继而成为造园者一种内化、自觉的审美意识。在西风东渐的近代上海,正是基于地域特质的本土实践,成为驱动近代上海私园变迁的内在动力,其融汇异国元素,最终在地化为独特的上海近代私家园林。

Shanghai originated from the south bank of the Wusong River and got its name from Shanghai Pu,a tributary of the Wusong River.The image of Shanghai’s gardens is closely linked to the natural scenery of the rivers,lakes,peaks,and swamps.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,Shanghai was opened as a port.Although the gardens in the urban areas were mixed with exotic gardening features,the hinterland of Shanghai is still a vast area of farmland and natural village texture.Therefore,the scenes of the gardens scattered around Shanghai County have the mood of living by the river.This research is based on a large geographic environment and attempts to explore the historical changes of these gardens from the relationship between gardens and the water network in a larger geographical context so as to excavate the characteristic causes of Shanghai private gardens originating from Jiangnan and forming their own Shanghai style from the regional characteristics of gardens.It argues that the characteristics of Shanghai’s riverside gardens reflect the deep infiltration of the regional features on the people and things growing in the area,which became an internalized and conscious aesthetic consciousness of the garden makers.In modern Shanghai,where the East meets the West,it is these local practices based on regional characteristics that became the internal motivation for the change of private gardens,with their integration of exotic elements that would eventually be localized into the unique modern private gardens in Shanghai.