我国15岁以上残疾人失能状况及其纳入长期护理保险制度的政策建议

Disability Status of Persons with Disabilities Over 15 Years Old and Policy Recommendations in Long Term Care Services in China

根据2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查资料,分析18岁以上残疾人在生活自理能力、理解与交流、社会参与等方面的障碍程度,发现大部分一级视力残疾人,一级和二级肢体残疾、智力残疾、精神残疾和多重残疾人存在生活自理能力、理解与交流及社会参与等多方面重度障碍,需要长期照料护理。建议这部分残疾人纳入长期护理保险制度的重点支持范畴。残疾评定标准为与失能老人评估标准保持一致以便于两个评估标准之间的衔接,将残疾人分为以日常生活活动能力障碍为主、以认知障碍为主、以感知觉与沟通障碍为主及日常生活自理能力、认知功能、感知觉与沟通中出现两项以上障碍共4类,并根据残疾类型和残疾程度纳入长期护理保险制度,提供不同重点障碍领域的支持性服务。综合考虑保障对象的失能程度、需要照护的迫切程度及制度运行成本等因素,提出残疾人纳入长期护理保险制度短期、中期和长期发展目标的政策建议。

Based on the data of the second national sample survey of disabled people in 2006,this study analyzed the degree of disabilities in self-care ability, understanding and communication, social participation and other aspects of persons with disabilities over 18 years old,and found that most persons with the first-class visual disabilities, first-class and second-class physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, mental disabilities and multiple disabilities had serious self-care ability, understanding and communication and social participation obstacles.Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the types of persons with disabilities are included in the key support from the long-term care insurance system first.Persons with the third and forth-class intellectual, mental and multiple disabilities also have different degrees of obstacles.They can be included in the long-term care insurance system according to the local economic development situation,or they can be included in the long-term care insurance system according to the specific social security or service items new assessment.