编程教学对青少年高阶思维技能发展的有效性研究--基于国内外近5年31项实验和准实验的元分析

A Study on the Effectiveness of Programming Instruction on the Development of Advanced Thinking Skills in Adolescents-A Meta-analysis Based on 31 Experiments in the Past 5 Years at Home and Abroad

编程教学被认为是培养计算思维、批判思维、创造力等21世纪能力和素养的重要手段,从整体上探讨编程教学对青少年高阶思维技能发展的有效性,对于促进编程教学的深入发展具有重要意义。本研究采用元分析法,基于Web of Science、Scopus和CNKI数据库,对近5年31项国内外相关编程教学实验进行量化分析,结果发现:编程教学对学生多种高阶思维技能有中等促进作用,合并效应值为0.612。相比其他高阶思维,编程教学对计算思维影响效果最大,对问题解决能力效果较小。同时,编程教学作用效果受到教学学段、教学策略、编程形式等调节变量的影响。本研究对未来编程教学提出了3条建议:加强编程教学连贯性,促进学生思维技能持续发展;充分发挥项目式教学的优势,培养学生问题解决等相关能力;整合多种教学形式,追求更高编程价值。

In 21st century,programming instruction is considered to be an important means of developing such abilities and qualities as computational thinking,critical thinking,and creative thinking,etc.Therefore,a study on the effectiveness of programming instruction on the development of advanced thinking skills in adolescents is of vital importance to the in-depth development of programming instruction.Based on Web of Science,Scopus and CNKI databases,this study uses meta-analysis method to quantitatively analyze 31 domestic and international related programming instructing experiments in the past 5 years.The result shows that programming instruction has a moderate effect on students’multiple advanced thinking skills with a combined effect value of 0.612.It has the greatest effect on computational thinking and the slightest effect on problem-solving skills,compared with other advanced thinking.Also,the effect of programming instruction was influenced by such moderating variables as instructional period,instructional strategy,and programming format,etc.Three recommendations for future programming instruction are raised in the study,i.e.,the coherence of programming instruction needs to be strengthened to promote the continuous development of students'thinking skills;the advantages of project-based instruction should be given full play to develop students'problem solving and other related abilities;and multiple instructional formats can be integrated to pursue higher programming values.