符号学视域下春秋战国时期楚国丝绸上凤鸟纹研究

Study on phoenix patterns on silk of Chu in the Spring and Autumn period andWarring States period from the perspective of semiotics

楚墓中出土的春秋战国时期丝织品中大多以凤鸟纹为主题,对其装饰艺术特点的研究具有重要的文化意义和美学价值。文章以考古类型学、符号图像学的研究方法将楚国丝绸上的凤鸟纹进行分类,分析对比不同造型样式、不同题材组合、不同构图布局的凤鸟纹装饰语言和艺术特点,并结合历史文献与考古实物二元互证探讨其中的内涵寓意和象征意义。研究表明:楚墓出土的丝织品上的凤鸟纹已成为当时表达浪漫主义思想感情的载体和追求自由生命信仰的寄托,也是早期楚人精神文化和审美意趣的象征,为后世凤纹等禽鸟类动物纹样的演变和多元化发展奠定了基础。

Chu culture is a regional excellent traditional culture in a specific historical stage of China,and it is also the most dynamic and influential regional culture in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.The"dragon"and"phoenix"are two different cultural symbols of Yellow River culture in the north and the Yangtze River culture in the south during the pre-Qin period.A large number of silk fabrics excavated from the Chu tombs are dominated by the theme of"dragon and phoenix",and the phoenix patterns on silk are the most numerous,varied and charming,and also carry rich cultural connotations and symbolic meanings.Therefore,the study of the artistic characteristics of phoenix decoration on Chu silk during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods has its own cultural significance and aesthetic value.We use archaeological,typological,semiotic and iconographic research methods to classify the phoenix motifs on Chu silk,analyze and compare the decorative language and artistic characteristics of different stylistic styles,different combinations of motifs,and different compositional layouts of phoenix patterns on the silk fabrics of Chu.We also explore the connotations and symbolic meanings by combining the binary evidence of historical documents and archaeological objects.The following two important conclusions are drawn:i)the phoenix patterns on the silk fabrics of Chu reflect the aesthetic orientation and stylistic consciousness of the Chu people at that time,and are also a vivid presentation of their spiritual pursuit and social customs.Studies have shown that the abundant phoenix patterns on the silk fabrics of Chu essentially reflect the creativity and innovation of the Chu people.Their visual symbolic forms are not only aesthetically pleasing in a narrow sense,but also contain a unique national spirit,value orientation,way of thinking and aesthetic interest.The spirituality of the phoenix patterns on Chu silk represents the spiritual direction of the Jing-Chu people during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,and is the cultural gene of our specific historical period and geographical region.ii)The phoenix patterns on the silk fabrics excavated from the Chu tombs have an epoch-making decorative style,which also shows that animal patterns at that time entered a new historical stage.The different connotations and symbolic meanings contained therein are explored,mapping out the stylistic consciousness,aesthetic characteristics and cultural phenomena of Chu art at that time.By classifying the phoenix patterns on silk fabrics unearthed from Chu tombs,the paper provides the basis and condition for the study of the development and evolution of the animal patterns of spirits.The article systematically collects,organizes and analyzes the phoenix motifs on silk fabrics excavated from Chu tombs to study the images of a specific historical period from a semiotic perspective.With the phoenix patterns on Chu silk during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods as a medium,we analyze the historical,cultural and spiritual beliefs embodied by the patterns to better reveal and perceive the cultural,artistic and aesthetic styles of the times and regions.The interdisciplinary approach of archaeology,typology,semiotics and iconography has also provided different ideas for the study of traditional Chinese motifs.It is of reference value to the research and innovative design of Chinese traditional pattern genealogy in the context of today’s multi-contextual era.Through the symbolic representation of the motifs,we can explore the national spirit of the Chu people,which advocates life,freedom,and the development of the vitality of the people,and is a spiritual direction and value that should be promoted in today’s society.