蚓粪替代部分化肥对温室黄瓜钾素吸收与产量的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Vermicompost on Potassium Absorption and Yield of Greenhouse Cucumbers

【目的】设施蔬菜生产中施用蚓粪能够促进蔬菜生长发育和提高产量与品质,但施用蚓粪替代化肥的最佳比例尚需明确。【方法】以黄瓜为供试材料,以100%化肥(100%CF)处理和不施肥处理(CK)为对照,研究不同比例蚓粪(VM)部分化肥对温室黄瓜植株钾素吸收、果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】与100%化肥处理相比,减施25%化肥处理黄瓜植株钾素含量、生物量和产量并未显著降低;蚓粪替代25%化肥处理植株钾素吸收量、果实产量和品质均得到显著提升,其中产量提高14.51%,植株钾吸收量提高42.27%;蚓粪替代50%化肥处理黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量显著降低,植株钾素吸收量、生物量和产量无显著差异;100%蚓粪处理植株钾素吸收量、生物量、产量、品质均显著降低,其中产量降低了24.25%,果实可溶性固形物含量降低15.59%。【结论】在等养分条件下,蚓粪替代25%化肥,能促进植株钾素吸收,提高产量和改善品质。

[Objective]The application of vermicompost in the production of protected vegetables can promote the growth and development of vegetables and improve the yield and quality,but the optimal proportion of vermicompost to replace chemical fertilizer needs to be clarified.[Method]The 100%chemical fertilizer(100%CF)treatment and no fertilization treatment(CK)were used as control treatments to study the effects of different proportions of vermicompost(VM)combined with chemical fertilizer on K absorption,fruit yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse.[Result]The K content,biomass and yield of cucumber plants with 25%reduction in chemical fertilizer application did not decrease significantly compared with the 100%chemical fertilizer treatment.The K uptake,fruit yield and quality of cucumber were significantly improved in the treatment of vermicompost replacing 25%chemical fertilizer.The yield increased by 14.51%,and the plant K uptake increased by 42.27%.The nitrate content of cucumber fruit was significantly reduced when vermicompost replaced 50%chemical fertilizer,but there was no significant difference in K uptake,biomass and yield.The 100%vermicompost treatment resulted in a significant decrease in K uptake,biomass,yield and quality.The yield decreased by 24.25%,and the soluble solid content in the fruit decreased by 15.59%.[Conclusion]The vermicompost could replace 25%of chemical fertilizer under the condition of equal nutrients,which can promote the K absorption by plants,and improve the yield and quality.