从“第四点计划”到“印太战略”:美国对尼泊尔援助研究

From“Point Four Program”to“Indo-Pacific Strategy”:A Study of U.S.Assistance to Nepal

对外援助是美国地缘战略的重要组成部分,是实现美国国家利益的重要外交工具,也是美国对尼泊尔政策的主要内容。美国自冷战时期开始对尼泊尔实施援助,目的是实现反共、反苏和反华的地缘战略目标。冷战结束后,美国对尼泊尔的援助规模持续扩大,涉及的领域也不断拓展,通过援助尼泊尔来实现对华地缘战略竞争的意图也更加明显。“印太战略”提出和实施以来,美国进一步调整了对尼援助政策,加强对华围堵。在此背景下,美国对尼援助更加显现出战略化、安全化的特征,将对中尼合作共建“一带一路”、中国在尼利益,以及中国国家安全产生一系列不利影响。

Foreign aid is an important part of the U.S.geostrategy and an important diplomatic tool to achieve U.S.national interests,as well as a major element of U.S.policy toward Nepal.The U.S.has been implementing aid to Nepal since the Cold War with the aim of achieving anti-communist,anti-Soviet and anti-Chinese geostrategic goals.Since the end of the Cold War,U.S.aid to Nepal has continued to expand in scale and scope,and its intention to achieve geostrategic competition with China through aid to Nepal has become more obvious.Since the Indo-Pacific Strategy was proposed and implemented,the U.S.has further adjusted its aid policy to Nepal and strengthened its siege on China.In this context,U.S.aid to Nepal has become more strategic and security-oriented,which will have a series of adverse effects on China-Nepal cooperation under Belt&Road Initiative(BRI),China’s interests in Nepal,and China’s national security.