城市社区居家养老服务体系的政策网络治理--以政府购买公共服务模式为例

Policy Network Governance of Urban Community Home-based Elderly Care Service System:The Example of Government Purchasing Public Services

随着我国老龄化态势的发展,社区居家养老日益成为解决养老问题的重要途径,同时政府通过购买公共服务的方式将部分养老服务职能转移、委托和分解给专业养老服务供给主体。将政府购买社区居家养老服务实践置于政策网络中,分析内在治理机制,探讨多元主体间的互动关联很有必要。研究发现,政府购买社区居家服务实践中存在政府主体与服务供给主体互动不足、政府主体对需求主体保障不足、服务供给主体与需求主体匹配失衡等问题。对此,从优化合作机制、强化激励机制、完善监督机制、健全福利保障机制、畅通诉求表达机制、转变服务供给机制、建立需求评估机制等方面提出政策建议,以提高政府购买社区居家养老服务的治理水平和服务效率。

With the increasingly serious trend of aging and low fertility in China,community home-based elderly care service has been an important approach to solving the elderly care problem.Meanwhile,part of the governmental functions of elderly caring services has been transferring,entrusting,or decomposing to social resources by the government purchasing public services.In this paper,we analyze the inherent mechanism of governmental purchase of community home-based elderly care services in policy networks and explore the interaction between multiple subjects.Our study finds that there are issues of insufficient interactions between government and service supply subjects,insufficient protection to demand subjects by the government,and a matching imbalance between service supply subjects and demand subjects in the practice of governmental purchase of community home-based elderly care services.In response to the problems above,the study puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of optimizing the cooperation mechanism,strengthening the incentive mechanism,improving the supervision mechanism,improving the welfare security mechanism,unblocking the appeal expression mechanism,transforming the service supply mechanism,establishing the demand evaluation mechanism,etc.,in order to improve the governance level and service efficiency of the government's purchase of community home-based elderly care services.