写本学视域下安大简《诗经》的几个问题

On Several Problems of The Book of Songs Recorded on Bamboo Slipsin the Warring States Period Collected by Anhui University from the Perspective of Codicology

安大简《诗经》作为战国楚国写本具有明显的写本学特征。安大简《诗经》写本的国风次序、个别国风命名、个别国风篇目及写本分篇等方面均与孔子编定的《诗经》存在明显差异,体现出写本的流动性及个性化特征。安大简《诗经》的国风次序及个别国风的命名是战国时局在诗学上的投影与反映,体现了诗学与政治的统一性。战国时局的变化,是抄写者产生再加工《诗经》的动因,抄写者通过重新编排国风次序表达了某种政治意图。也许这种表达是完全被动的,如将秦排在第三位,也许是来自强秦的政治压力。而将矦、魏两国国风位置前移,则可能是出自抄写者自我意愿,因为这个抄写者很可能就是魏国人。矦风附记为魏国人所作,其性质为后世“跋语”类文字。安大简《诗经》又把今本唐风称为魏风,这是因为今本毛诗唐风实际上是晋诗的缘故。

There are significant characteristics of codicology in The Book of Songs recorded on bamboo slips in the Warring States Period collected by Anhui University(The Anda Book of Songs for short). Compared with The Book of Songs compiled by Confucius, The Anda Book of Songs has many text differences in the order of Guofeng, some titles of Guofeng, some chapter names and the division of some text. Such differences reflect the fluidity and personality of The Book of Songs in the era of hand-copied book. The order and some titles of Guofeng in The Anda Book of Songs are the reflection of the current situation of the Warring States Period in poetics, reflecting the unity of poetics and politics. The change of the situation in the Warring States Period is the reason for the scribes to re-edit The Book of Songs. The scribes express some political intentions by reorganizing the order of Guofeng. Some characteristics in The Anda Book of Songs indicate that such kind of expression is completely passive. For example, putting Qin Feng in the third place maybe is the political pressure from the strong Qin Dynasty. However, the move forward of the position of Hou Feng and Wei Feng may be due to the will of the scribe, who probably came from the State of Wei. The postscript of Hou Feng is perhaps written by a scribe from the State of Wei. The Tang Feng Mao’s Poetry is called Wei Feng in The Anda Book of Songs because it is actually the poems from the State of Jin.