快速小型柱测试应用于水处理吸附试验综述

Overview of Adsorption Experiment of Rapid Small-Scale Column Test Applied in Water Treatment

饮用水中微污染物的存在和危害得到人们广泛的关注。颗粒活性炭(GAC)具有较大的比表面积,能吸附各类污染物,活性炭吸附床是水厂去除此类物质最常用的工艺之一。快速小型柱测试(RSSCT)是为了确定实际规模吸附床对目标污染物的吸附容量和活性炭用量设计的一种实验室规模的试验装置。文中综述了RSSCT装置、设计的两种模型以及污染物初始浓度、空床接触时间、吸附剂用量和粒径等各因素对污染物穿透曲线的影响。重点考虑了天然有机物(NOM)在水体中对目标污染物的竞争作用,分析了竞争机制,NOM通过对GAC活性位点的直接竞争,改变吸附剂GAC的孔径分布以及表面电荷,同时还会与水体中污染物和其他杂质离子络合,进而对吸附系统的性能产生影响。从RSSCT装置的模型设计、影响因素和竞争机制来分析装置的性能,进而为实际GAC吸附床工艺的设计和应用提供一定的参考。

The occurrence and hazard of micro-pollutants in drinking water have been received extensive attentions.For the huge surface area and excellent adsorption capacity toward various pollutants,granular activated carbon(GAC)adsorption beds become one of the most commonly applied processes in water treatment plants(WTPs).A rapid small-scale column test(RSSCT)is a laboratory-scale test device designed to predict the adsorption capacity of the practical reactor and the amount of GAC.In this paper,the design of the RSSCT and the factors that influence the pollutant breakthrough curve(BTC)were reviewed.The competitive effect of natural organic matter(NOM)on target pollutants in water was emphatically considered,and the competition mechanism was analyzed.NOM directly affects the GAC active site,changes the pore size distribution of the adsorbent GAC and its surface charge,and also complexes with pollutants and other impurity ions in the water,affecting the performance of the adsorption system.This article analyzed the performance of the device from the model design,influencing factors and competition mechanism.This study can provide a certain reference for the design and application of GAC absorbance in the practice of drinking water treatment.