内蒙古典型荒漠草原主要树种燃烧性研究

Study on the combustibility of main tree species in typical desert steppe of Inner Mongolia

我国森林火灾的发生频率高,造成的损失大,对森林生态系统破坏严重,尤其是察哈尔右翼前旗,植被覆盖率较低,发生火灾损失大且恢复难,故筛选出当地的强抗火性树种,对该地区森林保护以及森林草原火灾预防有重要意义。通过外业调查和室内试验,测量分析研究区内乔木、灌木不同部位,枯落物层及腐殖质层的可燃物含水率、热值、粗脂肪含量、灰分含量,运用SPSS23.0与Origin 2021软件,对理化性质指标进行主成分分析并排序。结果表明,该地区7种典型树种燃烧性由小到大分别为:山杨、榆树、虎榛子、柠条锦鸡儿、绣线菊、长梗扁桃、油松。可将其划分为3个等级:强抗火性树种(山杨、榆树、虎榛子)、可抗火性树种(柠条锦鸡儿)和弱抗火性树种(绣线菊、长梗扁桃、油松)。由此可知,该地区的油松林最易发生火灾,且由于油松为该地区主要造林树种,故造林时应适量搭配强抗火性树种,并加以人工干预,预防火灾的发生。

The occurrence frequency of forest fires in China is high, causing great losses and serious damage to the forest ecosystem,especially for the Qahar Youyi Qianqi, the vegetation coverage rate is low, the fire loss is large, and it is difficult to recover. Therefore, it is of great significance to screen out local fire-resistant tree species for forest protection and forest grassland fire prevention in this region. Field investigation and laboratory test were carried out to measure and analyze the fuel moisture content, calorific value, crude fat content and ash content of litter layer and humus layer in different parts of trees and shrubs in the study area. Principal component analysis and ranking of physical and chemical property indexes were conducted by using SPSS 23.0 and Origin 2021 software. The combustibility of 7 typical tree species in this region from small to large is:Populus davidiana Dode, Ulmus pumila L., Ostryopsis davidiana Decaisne, Caragana korshinskii Kom., Spiraea salicifolia L., Prunus pedunculata Pall., Pinus tabuliformis Carriere. It can be divided into three grades:strong fire resistant tree species(Populus davidiana Dode, Ulmus pumila L., Ostryopsis davidiana Decaisne.),fire resistant tree species: Caragana korshinskii Kom.;Weak fire-resistant tree species(Spiraeasa licifolia L.,Prunuspedunculata Pall., Pinus tabuliformis Carriere). The Populus davidiana Dode forest in this area is the most prone to fire,and as Populus davidiana Dode is the main afforestation species in this area, therefore, afforestation should be appropriate with strong fire resistance of tree species, artificial intervention to prevent the occurrence of fire.