减氮接种根瘤菌剂对黄淮海地区高蛋白夏大豆生长发育产量和经济效益的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reducing and Inoculation with Rhizobium Agents on the Growth,Yield and Economic Benefit of High Protein Summer Soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

为明确减氮接种根瘤菌剂在黄淮海地区高蛋白夏大豆上应用的可行性和有效性,选择高蛋白夏大豆品种齐黄34、冀豆12和菏豆37为试验材料,以常规施肥为对照(CK),研究了减氮50%+根瘤菌剂225 mL/hm^(2)(种子包衣,RH)处理对大豆生长发育、结瘤特性、干物质积累量、子粒产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:RH处理的参试大豆品种株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数分别增加5.98%~6.31%、9.72%~15.08%和3.53%~6.22%,底荚高度降低3.80%~5.29%,根瘤鲜重、根瘤干重、根瘤数量分别增加54.09%~62.62%、57.06%~66.81%和38.90%~45.03%,根、茎、豆荚干重以及植株总干重分别增加8.90%~10.29%、11.91%~13.86%、12.22%~20.78%和11.93%~18.02%,单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重分别增加20.76%~28.08%、23.29%~29.04%和0.53%~1.98%,产量提高9.81%~13.02%,经济效益增加14.27%~18.17%,且除有效分枝数、底荚高度、根茎干重、百粒重外的其他指标与CK差异均达到了显著水平,其中齐黄34各指标的变化幅度均最大。减氮接种根瘤菌剂能显著增强大豆根部结瘤能力,有效改善植株生长发育并促进植株干物质积累,明显提高子粒产量和经济效益,在黄淮海地区高蛋白夏大豆上应用可行性高、效果好。参试根瘤菌剂对大豆品种具有一定的选择性,其与齐黄34的共生性和适应性优于其他2个品种。

In order to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of nitrogen reducing and inoculation of rhizobia on high protein summer soybeans in Huang-Huai-Hai region,taking high protein summer soybean varieties Qihuang 34,Jidou 12 and Hedou 37 as the experimental materials,and using the conventional fertilization as the control(CK),the effects of nitrogen reducing 50%and inoculation of 225 mL/hm^(2)(seed coating,RH)rhizobium on the growth,nodulation characteristics,dry matter accumulation,grain yield and economic benefits of soybean were studied.The results showed that with the RH treatment,the plant height,node number of main stem and effective branch number increased by 5.98%-6.31%,9.72%-15.08%and 3.53%-6.22%,respectively,while the pod height decreased by 3.80%-5.29%,the fresh weight,dry weight and number of nodules increased by 54.09%-62.62%,57.06%-66.81%and 38.90%-45.03%,respectively,the dry weight of root,stem,pod and plant increased by 8.90%-10.29%,11.91%-13.86%,12.22%-20.78%and 11.93%-18.02%,respectively,the pod number per plant,grain number per plant and 100-grain weight increased by 20.76%-28.08%,23.29%-29.04%and 0.53%-1.98%,respectively.The yield increased by 9.81%-13.02%,and the economic benefit increased by 14.27%-18.17%,except effective branch number,pod height,root dry weight,stem dry weight and 100-seed weight,other indexes had significant difference with CK,and the variation range of each index of Qihuang 34 was the largest.Nitrogen reduction and inoculation with rhizobium can significantly enhance the nodulation ability of soybean root,effectively improve plant growth and development,promote plant dry matter accumulation,and significantly increase grain yield and economic benefit,which has high feasibility and good effect in the application of high protein summer soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai region.