美国一流大学研究生导学关系的规范及启示

The Norms of the Supervisor-Students Relationship in American First-Class Universities and Its Enlightenment

美国一流大学研究生导学关系的规范发展相对成熟,基本形成体系。在学术规范上,导师种类多样,职责明确,需对学生进行有效指导。在伦理规范上,导师和学生需遵守共同的道德原则,明文规定不当行为及违规所产生的后果。为构建和谐导学关系,美国形成了一套完整的保障机制,即内主学术,政策指引,外主伦理,协会合力。我国正处于研究生导学关系优化期,应学习有益经验,尝试做到从宏观到微观,统筹健全学术和伦理规范;从外层到内层,多方联动构建完整保障系统;从管治到预防,全面动态把握导学关系状况。

The norms of the supervisor-students relationship in American first-class universities have developed relatively mature and basically formed a system.In terms of academic norms,there are various types of tutors with clear responsibilities to provide effective guidance to students.In terms of ethics,supervisors and students should abide by the same moral principles and explicitly stipulate the consequences of improper behavior and violation.In order to build a harmonious relationship,the United States has formed a complete set of guarantee mechanism,which is policy guidance in internal academic and association resultant force in foreign ethics.Our country is in the period of optimizing the supervisor-students relationship,so we should learn useful experience and try to improve the academic and ethical standards from macro to micro.From the outer layer to the inner layer,multi-parties should link to build a complete guarantee system.From management to prevention,we should grasp the relationship comprehensively and dynamically.