激励发明人参与职务发明创造转化的专利权分享:比较与适用

Sharing of Patent Rights for On-Duty Invention Creation that Motives Inventors to Participate in Transformation:Comparison and Application

发明人在职务发明创造转化中具有其他人不可替代的作用。为激励发明人参与职务发明创造转化,可以在发明人与单位之间进行职务发明创造的专利所有权分享、使用权分享、处分权分享、收益权分享。对发明人来说,职务发明创造的专利所有权分享是最完整、完全的制度,预期也最易于确定,属事前激励且激励最大;专利使用权分享、处分权分享的权利较为完整,预期也较为确定,属事中激励且激励较大;专利收益权分享权利最不完全,预期也最不确定,属事后激励且激励最小。但在激励发明人的同时,还需要平衡发明人与单位的利益,因此,适用专利权分享制度应当以约定优先为原则,法定为补充,由发明人与单位协商选择专利权分享组合模式,根据技术性质、单位性质适用不同的专利权分享制度,并保留国家介入权。

Inventors have an irreplaceable role in the transformation of on-duty invention creation.In order to motivate inventors to participate in the transformation of on-duty invention creation,the sharing of patent ownership,sharing of use right,sharing of disposition right and sharing of revenue right of job invention creation can be carried out between inventors and units.For inventors,the patent ownership sharing of on-duty inventions is the most complete and full system,and the expectation is also the most certain,which is the incentive before things happen and the biggest incentive;the patent use right sharing and disposal right sharing are more complete and the expectation is also more certain,which is the incentive during things happen and the bigger incentive;the patent benefit right sharing is the least complete and the expectation is also the least certain,which is the incentive before things happen and the smallest incentive.The patent revenue sharing rights are the least complete and the expectations are the most uncertain,which is a post-event incentive and the least incentive.Therefore,the application of the patent right sharing system should be based on the principle of priority of agreement,supplemented by statutory provisions,and the inventor and the unit should choose the patent right sharing combination mode through consultation,and apply different patent right sharing systems according to the nature of technology and the nature of the unit,and retain the right of state intervention.