氧化呋咱合成策略、反应机理及其在含能材料研发中的应用

Synthetic Strategy, Cyclization Mechanism of Furoxan and Its Application in Energetic Materials

氧化呋咱是蕴含“潜硝基”片段的富氮芳环结构,其骨架致密性与突出的生成焓水平使其成为含能材料等领域的重要分子骨架。特殊的氮氧原子排布显著提升了氧化呋咱互变异构的倾向,而互变异构体的存在降低了氧化呋咱骨架的稳定性同时增加了其合成的难度。本文综述了基于不同策略的氧化呋咱的合成方法研究,以氧化呋咱骨架本身的制备反应机理为重点,分析比较了不同合成方法的优势与不足,并进一步总结了以氧化呋咱合成策略为基础的含能化合物研发进展。鉴于氧化呋咱本身的高致密性、高氧平衡、高生成焓特点,以氧化呋咱结构为基础的含能结构仍将是高能量密度材料研发的重点方向。

Furoxan is a nitrogen-rich aromatic ring with a potential "nitro" fragment. The compactness of the skeleton and outstanding enthalpy of formation make it an important molecular skeleton for the research of energetic materials. The unique arrangement of nitrogen and oxygen atoms significantly increases the tendency of furoxan to tautomerism, and the presence of tautomers reduces the stability of the furoxan skeleton and increases the difficulty of its synthesis. This account reviews the research on the synthetic methodologies of furoxan based on different strategies. Focusing on the synthetic mechanism of furoxan framework itself, the advantages and disadvantages of different synthetic methodologies are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the progress of energetic materials based on the strategy developed for the synthesis of furoxan is also summarized. Considering the high density, high oxygen balance and high enthalpy of formation of furoxan ring, energetic structures based on the furoxans will still be a key direction of research and development of high energy density materials.