江西规模奶牛场粪污基数特征分析

Analysis of fecal sewage characteristic parameters of large-scale dairy farms in Jiangxi

为了掌握规模奶牛场粪污中污染物特征参数变化特点,以便对规模奶牛场粪污进行治理和资源化利用,试验选择南昌周边某常年存栏120余头中国荷斯坦奶牛的规模奶牛场为研究对象,于2018年8月份至2019年7月份对该奶牛场粪污进行春、夏、秋、冬季节性周年采样监测分析,即采集该奶牛场鲜粪便和自然堆积发酵后粪便监测总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH^(+)_(4)-N)、含水率及有机质(OM)含量,采集该奶牛场污水固液分离池水、发酵池出水和氧化塘出水监测电导率(EC)、化学需氧量(COD)及NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN、TP含量。结果表明:鲜粪便中TN含量在春季最高,为2.95%;TP含量在秋季最高,为7.63%;春、夏两季NH^(+)_(4)-N含量均极显著高于秋季(P<0.01),显著高于冬季(P<0.05);OM含量在冬季最高,为61.10%;含水率在春季最高。发酵粪便中春季TN含量与夏季差显不著异(P>0.05),但显著高于秋、冬两季(P<0.05);TP含量在秋季最高,为9.91%;NH^(+)_(4)-N含量在夏季最高;OM含量在春季最高(为46.08%),秋季最低(为35.42%);含水率在夏季最高。固液分离池水中EC在夏季最高,达57066.67μS/cm;COD在夏季最高,达到14833.33 mg/L;NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN和TP含量在夏季最高。发酵池出水中EC在夏、冬、秋三季差异不显著(P>0.05),但均极显著高于春季(P<0.01);COD在夏季最高,达13133.33 mg/L;NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN、TP含量均在夏季最高。氧化塘出水中EC在夏、秋、冬三季较高,均极显著高于春季(P<0.01);COD及NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN、TP含量在夏季最高。奶牛鲜粪便经发酵后含水率及TN、TP、OM、NH^(+)_(4)-N含量分别为75.40%、2.18%、4.52%、40.20%、0.44%,鲜粪便中含水率及TN、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N含量与发酵粪便差异不显著(P>0.05),OM含量显著高于发酵粪便(P<0.05)。污水经固液分离、发酵、氧化塘处理后出水中EC、COD及NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN、TP含量分别为50033.33 us/cm、1150.92 mg/L、127.31 mg/L、154.09 mg/L、37.23 mg/L,EC在氧化塘水中最高,COD及NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN含量在固液分离水中含量最高,TP含量在发酵池水中含量最高。说明粪污中除OM含量外,TN、NH^(+)_(4)-N含量春、夏季高于秋、冬季,TP含量秋、冬季高于春、夏季;污水中COD、EC及TN、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N、含量变化特点基本一致,均在温度较高的夏季最高。

In order to master the variation characteristics of the characteristic parameters of pollutants in the manure pollution of large-scale dairy farms,so as to conduct the treatment and resource utilization of the manure pollution of large-scale dairy farms,a large-scale dairy farm with more than 120 Chinese Holstein cows in its annual stock near Nanchang was selected as the research object.From August 2018 to July 2019,the feces of the dairy farm were collected for monitoring analysis in spring,summer,autumn and winter.That is,fresh feces and natural accumulated and fermented feces of the dairy farm were collected to monitor the contents of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),ammonia nitrogen(NH^(+)_(4)-N),water content and organic matter(OM).The solid-liquid separation water,fermentation pond water and oxidation pond water of the dairy farm were collected to monitor the electrical conductivity(EC),the oxygen demand(COD)and the contents of NH^(+)_(4)-N,TN and TP.The results showed that TN content in fresh feces was the highest in spring,which was 2.95%.TP content was the highest in autumn(7.63%).NH^(+)_(4)-N content in spring and summer was extremely significantly higher than that in autumn(P<0.01),and significantly higher than that in winter(P<0.05).OM content was the highest in winter(61.10%).Water content was highest in spring.There was no difference in TN content between spring and summer(P>0.05),but it was significantly higher than that in autumn and winter(P<0.05).The highest TP content was 9.91%in autumn.NH^(+)_(4)-N content was the highest in summer.OM content was the highest in spring(46.08%).The lowest was 35.42%in autumn.Water content was the highest in summer.EC in solid-liquid separation water was the highest in summer,reaching 57066.67 us/cm.COD was the highest in summer,reaching 14833.33 mg/L.The contents of NH^(+)_(4)-N,TN and TP were the highest in summer.There was no significant difference in EC in summer,winter and autumn(P>0.05),but it was significantly higher than that in spring(P<0.01).COD was the highest in summer,up to 13133.33 mg/L.The contents of NH^(+)_(4)-N,TN and TP were the highest in summer.EC in oxidation pond water was significantly higher in summer,autumn and winter than that in spring(P<0.01).The contents of COD,NH^(+)_(4)-N,TN and TP were the highest in summer.The contents of TN,TP,OM and NH^(+)_(4)-N in dairy fermented manure were 75.40%,2.18%,4.52%,40.20%and 0.44%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the moisture content and the contents of TN,TP and NH^(+)_(4)-N between fresh manure and fermented manure(P>0.05).OM content in fresh feceswas significantly higher than that in fermented feces(P<0.05).The annual average contents of EC,COD,NH^(+)_(4)-N,TN and TP in solid-liquid separation water,fermentation pond effluent and oxidation pond effluent were 50033.33 us/cm,1150.92 mg/L,127.31 mg/L,154.09 mg/L and 37.23 mg/L,respectively.EC was the highest in oxidizing pond water;the contents of COD,NH^(+)_(4)-N and TN were the highest in solid-liquid separation water,and TP content was the highest in fermentation pond water.The results indicated that except OM content,the contents of TN and NH^(+)_(4)-N were higher in spring and summer than those in autumn and winter,and TP content was higher in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer.The variation characteristics of TN,TP,NH^(+)_(4)-N,COD and EC contents in sewage were basically the same,and the content levels were highest in summer when the temperature was higher.