孔荀之间——以清华简《命训》及《逸周书》三《训》为中心

Between Confucius and Xunzi:Centering on the“Mingxun”in the Tsinghua University Collection of Bamboo Manuscripts and the“Duxun,”“Mingxun,”and“Changxun”in the Yi Zhou Shu

清华简《命训》的发现,以及《逸周书》前三篇《度训》《命训》《常训》重获关注,为了解孔荀之间儒学的变动提供了重要材料。《逸周书》编订于子夏学派之手,反映了孔门主外派的思想。由于从《逸周书》三《训》到荀子经历了从神学天到义理天的转变,故荀子的天命论与三《训》有较大差别,但其礼法论、人性论均受到三《训》的影响,在关注制度、礼义的建构方面,二者是一致的,代表了儒家的外王学。以往学界仅关注孔子—曾子—子思—孟子的思想谱系是不全面的,今天还需研究孔子—子夏—子弓—荀子的思想发展,如此方可对先秦儒学有整全的了解,建构起完整的儒学思想谱系。

The discovery of the“Mingxun”in the Tsinghua University collection of Warring States bamboo manuscripts,which makes the first three chapters of Yi Zhou Shu,i.e.,the“Duxun,”the“Mingxun,”and the“Changxun”attract people’s attention again,provides important materials for the understanding of the changes of Confucian thinking from Confucius’s to Xunzi’s times.The Yi Zhou Shu was compiled by Zixia’s disciples,reflecting Confucius’s thought focusing on the external.Since Xunzi experienced the transformation from the thinking of god-heaven to that of principle-heaven,Xunzi’s theory on the mandate of heaven is quite different from what is stated in the three chapters of the Yi Zhou Shu,yet his argument on law and human nature are affected by the three chapters,and the two remain consistent in terms of their both focusing on the construction of ritual and institution,an aspect representing the Confucian thinking regarding the External King.In order to fully understand the Confucian teaching in its pre-Qin context,it is necessary also pay attention to the development of the Confucian thinking from Confucius to Zixia,Zigong,and Xunzi instead of merely concentrating on that from Confucius to Zengzi,Zisi,and Mencius.