Artificial intelligence and its application for cardiovascular diseases in Chinese medicine

人工智能及其在中医心血管疾病中的应用

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are major disease burdens with high mortality worldwide.Early prediction of cardiovascular events can reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction and decrease the mortality rates of patients with CVDs.The pathological mechanisms and multiple factors involved in CVDs are complex;thus,traditional data analysis is insufficient and inefficient to manage multidimensional data for the risk prediction of CVDs and heart attacks,medical image interpretations,therapeutic decision-making,and disease prognosis prediction.Meanwhile,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been widely used for treating CVDs.TCM offers unique theoretical and practical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.Big data have been generated to investigate the scientific basis of TCM diagnostic methods.TCM formulae contain multiple herbal items.Elucidating the complicated interactions between the active compounds and network modulations requires advanced data-analysis capability.Recent progress in artificial intelligence(AI)technology has allowed these challenges to be resolved,which significantly facilitates the development of integrative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CVDs and the understanding of the therapeutic principles of TCM formulae.Herein,we briefly introduce the basic concept and current progress of AI and machine learning(ML)technology,and summarize the applications of advanced AI and ML for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.Furthermore,we review the progress of AI and ML technology for investigating the scientific basis of TCM diagnosis and treatment for CVDs.We expect the application of AI and ML technology to promote synergy between western medicine and TCM,which can then boost the development of integrative medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.

心血管疾病是全球主要的高致死性疾病,早期预测心血管事件的风险可以降低急性心肌梗死的发生率,降低心血管疾病患者的死亡率。由于心血管疾病复杂的病理机制和多因素参与心血管病的发生和发展过程,传统的数据分析无法有效处理心血管疾病和从多维数据层面预测心血管疾病风险、解读医学影像、提出治疗决策和预测疾病预后。另一方面,中医药已被广泛用于治疗心血管疾病,中医药在心血管疾病的诊治方面具有独特的理论和实践体系。多学科技术探索中医诊断方法产生的大数据难以用传统方法进行分析,同时,中医配方含有多种草药成分,阐明活性化合物和网络调节的复杂相互作用也需要先进的数据分析能力。人工智能技术的最新进展为解决这些挑战提供了强大的工具,极大地促进了发展中西医结合诊断和治疗策略以及理解中药复方治疗心血管病的科学原理。我们简要介绍了人工智能和机器学习技术的基本概念和最新进展,并总结了先进的人工智能和机器学习在心血管疾病诊断和治疗中的应用。此外,我们还回顾了利用综合人工智能和机器学习技术研究心血管疾病中医诊治科学依据的主要进展。我们预期人工智能和机器学习技术的应用将促进中西医对话以及为发展现代中西医结合诊治心血管疾病创造巨大机遇。