《四库全书总目》法帖文献部类分布与清中叶政治学术思潮关系

Exploring the Relation between the Classification of Fine Specimen of Calligraphy in the Catalogue of Siku Quan Shu and Political and Academic Thought in the Mid-Qing Period

文化史研究需要把研究对象置于政治、经济、学术等因素中加以阐释。中国古代目录学中的经史子集四部受时代的政治思想、学术思潮与士人文化心理的影响,形成错综复杂的脉络交织。法帖本因书法学习而产生,在历代目录学著作中,或被视为经部字书文献,或被视为史部金石文献,或被视为子部书法文献。而《四库全书总目》则从官学视角出发,将法帖文献收入经部小学类字书之属与史部目录类金石之属,强调其裒辑文字、裨益经史之功,而忽略其书法鉴别之艺。其部类分布受到清朝政治权力、乾嘉汉学思潮、清代金石之学与碑学书风等因素的影响。从文化史的视角对《四库全书总目》加以研究,可以展开对中国古代文化现象、文化流派、文化审美与文化知识谱系的多元研究,拓展中国古代文化研究的方法与路径。

The study of cultural history needs to set the research object in the context of the politics,economy and academy.Influenced by political and academic thinking of the times and the cultural psychology of the scholars,the Chinese four ancient catalogue formed a complex system.The fine specimen of calligraphy was originally produced for calligraphy learning,in successive generations of cataloguing works,is regarded as the dictionary documents of the Confucian works,or is regarded as the jinshi literature in history,or is regarded as the calligraphy literature of hundreds of schools of thought.However,from the perspective of the educational system,the catalogue included it in the category of enlightened reading materials or jinshi in history.This classification emphasized its contribution to the credit of the word collection and the history advantages,but neglected the identification of the calligraphic art.It was influenced by the Qing dynasty's political authority,the Qianjia Sinology trend,the sphragistics and the stetablet book style etc.Researching the Catalogue of Siku Quan Shu from the perspective of cultural history can broaden the research method and approach to Chinese ancient culture,and deepen our understanding of the Chinese ancient cultural phenomenon,the cultural genre,the cultural aesthetic and the cultural knowledge spectrum system.