互联网应用、劳动力要素配置与农户劳动生产率——一个新结构经济学的分析视角

Internet Application, Labor Factor Allocation and Farm Labor Productivity: An Analytical Perspective of New Structural Economics

本文从新结构经济学分析视角入手,基于中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS),采用中介效应模型、Logit模型和分位数回归等方法,重点考察互联网应用对农户劳动生产率的结构性影响。通过研究发现,农村互联网应用通过两个路径化解了“索洛悖论”,其一是直接效应,即互联网应用作为技术本身直接渗透至具体的劳动生产过程,从而对劳动生产率产生直接影响;其二是间接效应,即通过创造性破坏机制改变城乡劳动力的分布间接影响劳动生产率。另外,需要注意的是,不仅直接效应和间接效应是结构性的,而且创造效应和破坏效应也是结构性的,此类结构性的变化会对农业农村的禀赋结构,尤其是通过提升和改变劳动力的质量与分布对农户劳动生产率产生实质影响。基于此,本文认为准确识别农村部门互联网应用的作用路径及其结构性差异,对于在制度创新与政策导向上更好适应科技革命浪潮,推动数字乡村建设具有重要意义。

From the perspective of new structural economics, this paper uses mediated effects model, multivariate logit model, and quantile regression, and focuses on the structural impact of Internet applications on the labor productivity of rural households based on the China General Social Survey(CGSS). It is found that, rural Internet applications resolve the “Solow paradox” through two paths: one is the direct effect, i.e., Internet applications as technology itself directly penetrate into specific labor production processes and thus have a direct impact on labor productivity;the other is the indirect effect, i.e., through the creative destruction mechanism changing the distribution of labor in urban and rural areas indirectly affects labor productivity. Moreover, it should be noted that, not only the direct and indirect effects, but also the creative and destructive effects are structural. Such structural changes have substantial impacts on the endowment structure of rural agriculture, especially on the labor productivity of farm households by upgrading and changing the quality and distribution of labor. Based on this, this paper emphasizes the importance of accurately identifying the role paths of Internet applications in the rural sector and their structural differences in order to better adapt to the wave of technological revolution in terms of institutional innovation and policy orientation, and to promote the construction of digital countryside.