体育裁判人工智能化的正当性困境与应对

Dilemmas of Legitimacy and Responses to the Artificial Intelligence of Sports Refereeing

随着以大数据、机器学习为代表的人工智能技术在体育领域应用的兴起与发展,体育裁判人工智能化渐成趋势,机器开始部分取代人类做出裁判。综合运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,从正当性角度反思体育裁判人工智能化的趋向。研究认为,体育裁判人工智能化在主体正当性上存在着主体地位、主体能力、主体责任的缺失,在手段正当性上面临着数据基础设施和能动创新不足的困境,在程序正当性上存在着知情程序、亲历程序削弱的问题,在结果正当性上面临着结果一致性、结果客观性、结果效率性的悖论。由此之故,体育裁判人工智能化在当下的定位还只能是一种辅助性的工具,其“善假于物”作用的发挥还有赖于适用范围的厘定、裁判数据和算法的优化、正当程序的因应、裁判结果的控制等必要步骤。

With the rise and development of artificial intelligence technology in the field of sports,represented by big data and machine learning,the artificial intelligence of sports refereeing has gradually become a trend,and machines have begun to partially replace humans in making decisions.The research is based on a combination of literature and logical analysis and reflects on the trend of artificial intelligence in sports refereeing from the perspective of legitimacy.The study concludes that the artificial intelligence of sports refereeing suffers from the lack of subject status,subject ability and subject responsibility in terms of subject legitimacy,the dilemma of insufficient data infrastructure and dynamic innovation in terms of means legitimacy,the problem of weakened informed and personal procedures in terms of procedural legitimacy,and the paradox of consistency,objectivity and efficiency of results in terms of results legitimacy.As a result,artificial intelligence in sports refereeing can only be an auxiliary tool at present,and its role as a“good thing”still depends on the definition of the scope of application,the optimisation of refereeing data and algorithms,the adaptation of due process,and the control of refereeing results.