战国楚简与殷墟卜辞对读二题

Two topics on the comparison of Chu bamboo slips in the Warring States Period and oracle inscriptions in Yin Ruins

战国楚简与殷墟卜辞对读可以互相发明。1.殷墟卜辞的“[册口]”,楚简中写作“册告”“册祝告”,传世文献中则写作“册祝”“策告”,书写形式和表述形式发生了变化,但“以简册报告”“称册祝告”的意思仍然沿用。而且,从清华简《金滕》(《尚书·金滕》亦然)可见古人的册告仪式和背景信息,而卜筮简则可见册告的较完整句型。2.楚简中的“习贞”,对应殷墟卜辞中的“习卜”,二者均有重复占卜的意思,均位于前辞的位置。3.殷墟甲骨无名组“习卜”的最高次数为“四”,表明重复占卜四次,共占卜五次,与目前所见成套甲骨为“五”的情形相合,但有一版“六卜”午组卜辞和一版含序数“七”的师组卜辞可能是特例。4.与“习卜”相关的“三卜制”耐人寻味,“三卜”现象的确存在于殷墟卜辞,但承担三卜的人物是否分属于王(元卜)、右卜和左卜还值得进一步讨论。5.论文还对殷墟卜辞的“习卜”辞进行了辨析,去除了一些误解。

Chu Bamboo Slips(CBS)in the Warring States Period and Oracle Inscriptions(OI)of Yin Ruins can be mutually invented.1.“Ce[册口]”in the OI is written as“册告”ce gao and“册祝告”ce zhu gao in CBS,while“册祝”ce zhu and“策告”ce gao are written in handed down documents.The writing form and expression form have changed,but the meaning of“以简册报告”yi jian ce bao gao and“称册祝告”cheng ce zhu gao is still adopted.Moreover,the ceremony and background information of the ancient“册告”ce gao can be known from the(金滕)jinteng(also Shangshu Jinteng)in the Qinghua Bamboo Slips,while the more complete sentence pattern of the“册告”can be seen in the divination briefs.2.Xi zhen in the CBS corresponds to“习卜”xi divination in the OI.Both of them have the meaning of repeated divination,both of which are in the position of the preceding words.3.The highest number of“习卜”xi divination in the nameless group of oracle bones in the Yin Ruins is“four”,which indicates that there are four times of repeated divination and a total of five times of divination.It is consistent with the situation that the complete set of oracle bones is“five”at present,but one version of the“six divination”inscriptions in the wu(午)group and one version of the shi(师)group inscriptions with the ordinal number“seven”as special cases.4.The“three divination system(三卜制)”related to“习卜”xi divination is thought-provoking.The“三卜”three divination phenomenon does exist in OI,but whether the characters undertaking the three divinations belong to the king(元卜),the right divination(右卜)or the left divination(左卜)is worth further discussion.5.The thesis also distinguishes and analyzes the xi divination“习卜”words in OI and removes some misunderstandings.