鱼类spexin系统鉴定及其生理功能研究

Identification of the spexin system and its physiological functions in fish

所有脊椎动物生殖均受下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调控,多种下丘脑神经肽参与了生殖调控过程。大多数神经肽具有促进生殖的功能,例如促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)、神经激肽B(neurokinin B,NKB)、神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)、神经分泌素(secretoneurin,SN)、刺鼠相关蛋白(agouti-related peptide,AgRP)、甘丙肽(galanin,GAL)和吻素(kisspeptin,Kiss)。Spexin(SPX)是一种新型下丘脑神经肽,属于SPX/GAL/Kiss家族成员。SPX的成熟肽由14个氨基酸组成,该氨基酸序列在不同物种间高度保守。SPX可以激活GAL受体2和3(GALR2/3)参与生殖、摄食等多种生理过程。本文围绕鱼类SPX基因鉴定、进化分析、组织分布、表达调控、生理功能以及信号转导机制等方面,简要总结鱼类SPX及其受体的研究进展,以期为后续深入研究提供参考。

Reproduction is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in all vertebrates,and a plethora of neuropeptides are involved in the control of reproduction.Most are stimulatory neuropeptides,such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone,neurokinin B,neuropeptide Y,secretoneurin,agouti-related peptide,galanin(GAL),and kisspeptin(Kiss).Spexin(SPX)is a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide and a member of the SPX/Gal/Kiss family.The mature SPX peptide contains 14 amino acids in a highly conserved sequence.SPX is involved in various physiological processes,such as reproduction and feeding,among others,through GAL receptors 2 and 3(GALR2/3).This review briefly summarizes research progress on SPX and its receptors in fish,focusing on gene identification,evolutionary analysis,tissue distribution,expression regulation,physiological function,and signal transduction mechanisms to provide a reference for subsequent in-depth research.