沈曾植与晚清民初书法思想的嬗变与转型

Shen Zengzhi and the Evolution and Transformation of Calligraphy Thought in Late Qing and Early Republic of China

清末民初时期,书法创作风尚和书学思想都出现了一种内在的嬗变与转型,其中尤以沈曾植的创作及其碑帖题跋中所寓书学观念为表征。沈曾植晚年寓居上海期间,专力于诗文创作与金石鉴藏,除承继清代金石学学术传统外,他还系统鉴藏和重估了诸多刻帖、丛帖的学术史价值。故他所倡导的碑帖互证的思想实绾和了碑学和帖学两种观念传统,代表着古代书学传统的一种逻辑完成。而其古今杂形的书体发展观念,拨正了清代金石学视野中唯北碑隶书为尊的书体认识,又蕴含着现代书学思想的历史起点。这样,从清初尚帖之雅正到清代中晚期尊碑之质朴,再到晚清民初主张碑帖融合之会通审美,清代书法思想在以沈曾植为代表的一代学人身上,完成了一种否定之否定的辩证统一过程。

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,there was an internal evolution and transformation in both the calligraphic creation fashion and the calligraphic thought,which was characterized by Shen Zengzhi s creation and the calligraphic concept embodied in the inscription and postscript.In his later years,when living in Shanghai,Shen Zengzhi devoted himself to the creation of poetry and the collection of epigraphy.In addition to inheriting the traditional academic tradition of epigraphy in the Qing Dynasty,he also systematically collected and re-evaluated the academic history value of many engraved and clustered inscriptions.Therefore,his idea of“mutual reflections between steles and inscriptions”with the focus on the two concepts and traditions of steles and inscriptions represent a logical completion of the ancient calligraphy tradition.Moreover,the concept of“varied forms in ancient and modern times”in the development of ancient and modern calligraphy has corrected the notion that only the official script on the northern tablet should be respected in the view of epigraphy in the Qing Dynasty,which has become the historical starting point of modern calligraphy.In this way,from the elegance of the calligraphy in the early Qing Dynasty to the simplicity of the stele in the middle and late Qing Dynasty,to the idea of the integration of the steles in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the calligraphy thought of the Qing Dynasty has completed a dialectical unity process of negation to negation in a generation of scholars represented by Shen Zengzhi.