从超大陆旋回看前寒武纪伟晶岩型锂矿的形成

A supercontinental cycles perspective for the formation of Precambrian pegmatitic lithium deposits

金属矿床的形成与地球内动力过程密切相关,在某种程度上是全球构造特别是大陆演化的结果。因此,深入理解全球超大陆旋回与金属矿床之间的联系,既可以加强对区域成矿规律的把握,又可以提升对大陆演化过程的认识。在“碳中和”和“碳达峰”背景下,作为“能源金属”重要矿产,锂矿在近几年备受关注。该文总结了全球前寒武纪伟晶岩型锂矿的地质特征及其与前寒武纪超大陆旋回之间的联系,指出前寒武纪伟晶岩型锂矿主要形成于2.6 Ga、1.8 Ga和1.0~0.9 Ga 3个时段,与造山作用有关,与S型花岗岩具有密切联系,且与古老地壳物质的再造有关;超大陆聚合的陆-陆碰撞造山过程引起的地壳物质循环、活化和再富集是形成伟晶岩型锂矿的先决条件。

The formation of metal deposits is closely related to Earth’s endogenic processes,and to some extent is resulted from global tectonic,and especially continental evolution.Thus,deeply interpreting the relationship between global supercontinental cycles and metal deposits could help us not only better understand the regional metallogeny,but also enhance the knowledge of continental evolution process.As an important resource of energy metal,lithium deposits are highly concerned recently in the context of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”.This study reviews global Precambrian pegmatitic lithium deposits and reveals the connection between their formation and Precambrian supercontinental cycles.Their peak periods of occurrence are at 2.6 Ga,1.8 Ga and 1.0~0.9 Ga.These deposits were formed by pre-existing materials reworking during orogeny and directly linked to the generation of S-type granites.The study stresses that the recycling,re-fertilizing and re-enriching of crustal materials caused by continental-continental collisional orogeny during supercontinental assembly are the prerequisites for forming pegmatitic lithium deposits.