韧性与公平双视角下公路网灾后修复决策优化

Highway Network Post-disaster Recovery Decision Optimization Considering Resilience and Equity

针对灾后公路网络修复决策问题,考虑大型自然灾害波及范围广泛的特点,将大型受灾区域划分为多个子区,从局部视角优化受损路网的修复时序,从全局视角对多区域间紧急救助资源进行统筹分配。为此,基于交通运输网络拓扑结构及路段可靠度建立韧性值指标测度网络整体性能,考虑子区内部路网的韧性和救助过程中子区间的公平性,提出韧性与公平双视角下的灾后公路网修复优化模型,并通过算例验证模型和算法的可行性。研究发现:通过8种救援场景对比,相比于仅考虑交通网总韧性值的情况,韧性与公平双视角下的分配方案可保证韧性值偏小子区的救援公平性;相较于随机修复方案,优化后的修复方案对网络整体性能的恢复效果可提升57.92%;快速恢复网络整体性能需优先修复网络密度较大,且位于网络中央的受损路段,提升维修速度比增加救助资源更有利。结果表明,“划区而治”的路网修复方案更能兼顾受灾地区所有子区的救援公平性,提升其内部网络性能的恢复速率。

This paper focuses on the decision-making of highway network repair after disasters.Considering large-scale natural disasters normally affect a wide area,this paper divides the large disaster area into several small regions and then optimizes the repair time sequence of damaged road network for the sub-areas.The emergency rescue resources between multiple regions were allocated from the global perspective.Based on the topology structure of the transportation network and the reliability of the road network,the resilience value indicator is proposed to measure the overall performance of the network.Considering the resilience of the internal road network in the sub-region and the equity of the sub-region during the rescue process,this study develops an optimization model for the post-disaster highway network repair.The feasibility of the model and algorithm was verified by numerical examples.The results show that:in 8 rescue scenarios,the distribution scheme considering both resilience and equity can ensure the fairness of the rescue in the sub-regions with lower resilience value when compared with the schemes that only consider the total resilience value of the transportation network.Compared with the random repair scheme,the recovery effect of the optimized repair scheme can be improved by 57.92%on the overall network performance.To restore the overall performance of the network quickly,it is necessary to prioritize the repair of road sections with relatively high network density,particularly those located in the center of the network.Improving the speed of maintenance and repair is more beneficial than increasing rescue resources.The results also indicate that the road network restoration by regions addresses the equity of all sub-areas and improves the recovery efficiency of the road network.