硼的助燃技术研究进展

Progress of combustion assisted technology for boron

综述溶剂提纯和球磨去杂等去杂质方法以及高氯酸铵、含氟材料、叠氮类材料、硝化棉、金属粉、纳米碳化合物、纳米氧化合物、等离子体、接枝策略、含硝基的复合材料等材料或技术对硼(B)的助燃作用。提出带有硝基、叠氮基的有机物及高氯酸盐等强氧化性基团对B具有非常显著的助燃作用;部分金属粉如镍、铁、钼,以及纳米铝粉对B有一定程度的助燃作用;部分金属氧化物由于可以和B构成铝热剂,有显著的助燃作用,但易损耗总的质量反应热或体积反应热;通过物理或化学方法将B表面的氧化层去掉,会非常明显地提高B的燃烧效率;含氟材料中的氟橡胶对B未见有明显的助燃作用。

The factors of combustion aid to boron,the impurity removal methods such as solvent purification and ball milling,ammonium perchlorate,fluoride containing materials,azide materials,nitrocellulose,metal powder,nano carbon compounds,nano oxygen compounds,plasma,grafting strategies,and nitro containing composites were reviewed in the paper.It is proposed that organic compounds with nitro and azide groups and strong oxidizing groups such as perchlorate have very significant combustion supporting effects on boron.Some metal powders,such as Ni,Fe,Mo,and nano aluminum powder have combustion supporting effect on boron to a certain extent.Some metal oxides can form thermite with boron,which has significant combustion supporting effect,but it is easy to lose a part of the total mass reaction heat or volume reaction heat.The combustion efficiency of boron will be greatly improved by removing the oxide layer on the surface of boron through physical or chemical methods.The fluorine rubber in the fluorine containing material has no obvious combustion supporting effect on boron.