试论唐末的“僧侣伴直”现象

Research on“Monk-Banzhi”in the Late Tang Dynasty

寓直是唐人在朝为官时期的重要职守之一,中晚唐时期,朝官们为了消解夜晚独宿宫禁时的寂寞,多借用习禅来静坐养心,白居易、郑畋、郑谷等人诗中多有直接表现在寓直之夜学禅的情形。唐代末期,朝官在宫廷寓直时会邀请僧侣陪伴,出现“僧侣伴直”现象,这有着独特的文化背景。晚唐时期,僧人与朝官交游密切,从情感上达到了“知己”的境界。这种知己感,使他们既同怀伤感乱世之心,又共有避隐山林之趣,这是“僧侣伴直”的情感基础。唐末的“僧侣伴直”往往发生在中书省、尚书省、秘书省,僧侣主要来自内道场。“僧侣伴直”既是文人的精神需要,又是佛教与政治融合的深化。通过品茶和谈静的交流形式,伴直僧侣与寓直文人达到某种精神的默契,从而淡化了个人与时代的焦虑。

Yuzhi was one of the important duties of Tang people when they were officials in the court.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,in order to relieve the loneliness of sleeping alone in the palace at night,the officials used meditation to sit quietly.Bai Juyi,Zheng Tian,Zheng Gu and others directly described in their poems the scenes of learning Zen in the Yuzhi night.In the late Tang Dy⁃nasty,imperial officials would invite monks to accompany them when they stayed at court.The phenomenon of“Monk-Banzhi”had u⁃nique cultural background.The monks were close friends with the court officials that reached the confidant state in emotion.This sense of confidant made them both feel sad in the troubled times and shared the interest of retreating in the woods,which was the emotional basis of“Monk-Banzhi”.“Monk-Banzhi”in late Tang Dynasty frequently occurred in the Zhongshusheng,Shangshusheng and Mi⁃shusheng,and the monks were mainly from the inner ashram.“Monk-Banzhi”was not only the spiritual need of literati,but also the deepening of the integration of Buddhism and politics.Through the communication forms of tea-tasting and“Tan-jing”,the monks of Banzhi and the scholars of Yuzhi reached a certain spiritual tacit understanding,thus diluting the anxiety of individuals and times.