保水剂和有机肥配施对露天煤矿排土场土壤持水性的影响

Effects of combined application of water-retaining agents and organic fertilizer on soil water-holding capacity in waste dumps in open pit coal mines

针对露天矿排土场土壤保水蓄水能力差的特征,通过测定3种保水剂抗蒸发能力和配制土壤的含水量,开展保水剂与有机肥配施对土壤持水性能的影响研究.结果表明,保水剂在凝胶状态下对土壤的抗蒸发效果比干燥状态更好,以5‰用量的法国爱森保水剂的抗蒸发效果最好.保水剂和有机肥配合使用能够有效延长土壤的持水时间,配制土壤持水性随着保水剂用量和有机肥用量增加而增加.以法国爱森保水剂和有机肥配施效果最佳,最优配比为法国爱森保水剂3‰+有机肥20%或者法国爱森保水剂5‰+有机肥10%,可使维持该区域约20%田间土壤持水量的保水时间延长1倍以上.该配比可为西北地区露天矿排土场土壤修复提供科学参考.

This study investigated the combined application of water-retaining agents and organic fertilizers to enhance the soil water-holding capacity of waste dumps in open pit coal mines by measuring the anti-evaporation capacity and water content of man-made soil.The results showed that the anti-evaporation capacity of water-retaining agents in the gel state was superior to that in the dry state.Among the tested water-retaining agents,we found that France Essen at a concentration of 5%was the optimal choice.The soil water-holding time could be prolonged by the combined application of water-retaining agents and organic fertilizers,resulting in improved soil water-holding capacity.The optimum ratio of water-retaining agents to organic fertilizer was 3‰∶20%or 5‰∶10%.The water retention time of field capacity in this area would be improved by more than one time.Our findings provide valuable insights for the scientific community regarding soil remediation in waste dumps within open pit coal mines in Northwest China.