刑事激励模式下的企业合规不起诉适用条件解析

Analysis of the applicable conditions of non-prosecution of enterprise compliance under the criminal incentive model

基于企业现代化治理的现实需要与保护民营企业的考量,我国检察机关自2020年起已开展企业合规改革试点的实践探索。从刑事激励的角度来看,对涉罪企业的合规不起诉能够帮助企业建立更为完善的管理制度。与此同时,对于该制度的具体适用还存在着涉罪企业规模大小、涉罪主体对象范围界定、企业犯罪类型界定等方面的争议。要完善企业合规不起诉制度可从以下几方面入手:规定对各种规模的企业都适用企业合规不起诉制度;构建适用罪名正负面清单;加强对涉罪企业认罪认罚情况与企业合规意愿等方面的综合考量。

Based on the practical needs of modern corporate governance and the consideration of the protection of private enterprises,China’s procuratorial organs have carried out three trials of enterprise compliance reform since 2020.From the perspective of criminal incentives,the non-prosecution of compliance of enterprises involved in crimes will help enterprises establish a sound modern governance structure.At the same time,there are still disputes and difficulties in the specific application of the system,such as the size of the enterprises involved in the crime,the definition of the scope of the object,the type of corporate crime and subjective will.It is of great significance for the construction of non-prosecution system of the enterprise compliance and the improvement of the compliance theory to clarify that the enterprise compliance non-prosecution system applies to the full coverage of the enterprise scale,support the“non-prosecution”of individuals and enterprises,build a list of positive and negative charges,and strengthen the comprehensive consideration of the subjective aspects of enterprises involved in crimes.