椰糠栽培下水肥处理对菜心养分吸收和产量的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Treatment on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Chinese Flowering Cabbage under Coconut Chaff Cultivation

【目的】探明椰糠栽培下水分和养分对菜心养分吸收和产量的影响,为菜心栽培过程中的水肥管理提供指导。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验,以菜心为试验材料,设置I1(55%~60%基质最大持水量)、I2(75%~80%基质最大持水量)、I3(95%~100%基质最大持水量)3种灌水处理以及F1(1/2倍山崎营养液浓度)、F2(1倍山崎营养液浓度)、F3(3/2倍山崎营养液浓度)3种养分处理,并将2 L不同浓度的营养液于试验前以基肥形式施入栽培盆。【结果】与充分灌溉处理(I3)相比,水分亏缺处理(I1、I2)使菜心的水分利用效率分别显著提高30.2%、16.3%,产量分别降低16.7%、11.1%,而对植株地上部氮磷钾吸收无显著影响。营养液浓度的增加显著提高了水分利用效率、植株对氮磷钾的吸收和菜心产量。灌水处理和养分处理对菜心的产量及叶片氮磷钾吸收存在显著交互作用。各处理中以I3F3的产量最高,但与I3F3相比,I2F3在没有明显降低菜心产量和氮磷钾吸收的条件下,菜心耗水量降低13.7%,水分利用效率提高11.8%,且主成分分析结果表明I2F3的综合得分居于首位,表明I2F3对菜心养分吸收、水分利用效率及产量的综合影响效应最佳。【结论】椰糠栽培过程中,75%~80%亏缺灌溉和3/2山崎营养液浓度是提高菜心产量、水分利用效率和养分吸收的有效栽培措施。

【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer on nutrient uptake and yield of Chinese flowering cabbage under coconut chaff cultivation,with a view to providing guidance on water and fertilizer management for Chinese flowering cabbage cultivation.【Method】Adopting greenhouse pot experiment,three irrigation treatments were set for the Chinese flowering cabbage:I1(55%-60%water holding capacity of the substrate in the pot),I2(75%-80%water holding capacity of the substrate in the pot),and I3(95%-100%water holding capacity of the substrate in the pot)and three nutrient solution levels were used:F1(1/2 Yamazaki nutrient solution formula),F2(1 Yamazaki nutrient solution formula)and F3(3/2 Yamazaki nutrient solution formula),and 2 L nutrient solution of different concentrations was applied to the pots as a base fertilizer before the experiment.【Result】Compared with full irrigation treament(I3),water deficit treatments(I1 and I2)increased water use efficiency of Chinese flowering cabbage significantly by 30.2%and 16.3%,respectively,while the yield decreased by 16.7%and 11.1%,respectively.However,the irrigation amount had no significant effect on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK)uptake of shoots.The increase of nutrient solution concentration promoted water use efficiency,NPK uptake and yield of Chinese flowering cabbage.Meanwhile,there was a significant interaction between the irrigation treatment and fertilizer treatment on the yield and NPK uptake of the Chinese flowering cabbage.Among all the treatments,I3F3 had the highest yield.Compared with I3F3,I2F3 reduced water consumption by 13.7%and improved water use efficiency by 11.8%without compromising yield and NPK uptake of Chinese flowering cabbage.And the I2F3 treatment had the highest comprehensive PCA score,indicating that I2F3 treatment had the optimal comprehensive effect on nutrient absorption,water use efficiency and yield of Chinese flowering cabbage.【Conclusion】It can be concluded that 75%-80%reduced irrigation combined with 3/2 Yamazaki nutrient solution formula is an effective measure to enhance yield,water use efficiency and nutrient uptake of Chinese flowering cabbage under coconut chaff cultivation.