重水堆核电站气态^(14)C的产生释放及控制研究

Release and Control of Gaseous ^(14)C in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor

核电站气态流出物中的^(14)C主要通过呼吸和饮食两种途径进入人体,对人体形成内照射伤害。重水堆^(14)C的产量约为相同装机容量轻水堆的40倍,因此,重水堆气态^(14)C的排放控制对保护公众健康尤为重要。本文通过研究重水堆核电站^(14)C产生机理,分析和计算各系统^(14)C存在的形态以及产生量,梳理^(14)C在重水堆核电站内的转移过程及最终排放的途径,提出了减少气态^(14)C向环境排放的措施,为重水堆核电站有效控制气态^(14)C排放提供了指导。

The ^(14)C in the gaseous effluent of nuclear power plant enters the human body mainly through breathing and eating,causing internal irradiation damage to the human body.The gaseous ^(14)C output of heavy water reactor is about 40 times that of light water reactors with the same installed capacity.Therefore,the control of gaseous carbon emissions from heavy water reactor is particularly important to protect public health.By studying mechanism of ^(14)C generation,discussing the forms of ^(14)C in each system,calculating the amount of ^(14)C produced by each system,sorting out the process of ^(14)C transfer and final discharge path in heavy water reactor nuclear power plant,countermeasures to reduce gaseous ^(14)C emissions to the environments are proposed in this paper,which provides guidance for the effective control of gaseous ^(14)C emissions for other heavy water reactor nuclear power plants.