相对论重离子碰撞中的手征效应实验研究

Progress on the experimental search for the chiral magnetic effect,the chiral vortical effect,and the chiral magnetic wave

量子色动力学中夸克和拓扑胶子场的相互作用可以产生局域宇称和电荷共轭宇称不守恒,这为解释宇宙中物质-反物质的不对称性提供了一种可能.在强磁场下,宇称不守恒会导致粒子按正负电荷分离,此现象称为手征磁效应(CME).相对论重离子对撞中与CME类似的手征反常效应还有手征涡旋效应(CVE),以及手征磁波效应(CMW)等.本文简要综述了当前相对论重离子碰撞实验中CME,CVE,CMW的研究进展.

In quantum chromodynamics,the interactions of quarks with the topological gluon field can lead to nonconservation of local parity(P)and conjugated parity(CP),which provides a solution to the strong CP problem and a possibility to explain the asymmetry of matter-antimatter in the current universe.Under the action of a strong magnetic field,the nonconservation of P and CP can lead to the separation of particles according to their electric charges,which is called the chiral magnetic effect(CME).An observation of the CME-induced charge separation will confirm several fundamental properties of quantum chromodynamics(QCD),namely,approximate chiral symmetry restoration,topological charge fluctuation,and local parity violation.In relativistic heavy-ion collisions,there are other chiral anomalous effects similar to the CME,such as the chiral vortical effect(CVE)and the chiral magnetic wave(CMW).This review briefly summarizes the current progress of experimental research on the CME,CVE,and CMW in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.