非公有制产权的法律保护

Legal Protection of Non-public Property Rights

非公有制经济为中国经济社会发展提供了重要的驱动力。由于历史和现实等多重因素的交互作用,中国目前在意识形态领域对非公有制产权存在一定的偏见,相关的法律规则也存在基于所有制而对产权进行差异化治理的现象。以《产权保护意见》为代表的一系列政策文件强调要“健全以公平为核心原则的产权保护制度”,意在以产权保护法治化为切入点,全面确认非公有制产权和公有制产权的平等地位。从财产权到产权语境转换的实质是要求扩大对公民财产权的保护范围。为此,应当对“合法的私有财产”这一规范表述进行限缩解释。为进一步实现相应的政策目标,应当确立产权平等保护的宪法规则,并在此基础上最大程度地尊重私法秩序的自律性和独立性。

The non-public economy has provided an important driving force for China’s economic and social development.But due to the interaction of multiple factors such as history and reality,there is currently a certain prejudice against non-public property rights in China in the ideological field,and the relevant legal rules may implement differential governance of property rights based on ownership.A series of policy documents,represented by the Opinions on the Protection of Property Rights,emphasize the need to“improve the property rights protection system with fairness as the core principle”,with the intention of using the rule of law for property rights protection as an entry point to comprehensively confirm the equal status of non-public and public property rights.The essence of the shift from property right to property rights is to expand the scope of protection of citizens’property rights.To this end,the normative expression“legitimate private property”should be interpreted in a restrictive manner.In order to further achieve the corresponding policy objectives,the constitutional rule of equal protection of property rights should be established and,on this basis,the self-regulation and independence of the private law order should be respected to the greatest extent possible.