太赫兹生物效应的原理和应用

Principles and Applications of Terahertz Biological Effects

太赫兹技术在过去数十年间发展迅速,作为一种强大的生物大分子表征工具,太赫兹光谱和成像技术展现了其在诊断医学和临床医学中的广阔前景。通过太赫兹光谱系统可以对生物样本的特定成分进行定量分析,类似地,太赫兹成像系统可以给出样品中待测成分的空间分布。以太赫兹光学系统的类型为索引综述了太赫兹诊断医学方面一些具有代表性的研究,并从生物个体、组织、细胞到生物大分子的层面介绍了一些太赫兹生物效应的研究。尽管太赫兹临床医学领域仍处于尝试和初步探索的阶段,但已经呈现了很多具有应用潜力的开创性研究,如太赫兹辅助靶向药物跨膜运输和太赫兹癌细胞DNA去甲基等,为太赫兹技术的生物医学应用奠定了基础。最后总结太赫兹生物效应的研究现状,对该领域的重点研究方向和可能的突破点进行分析展望.

Terahertz technology has been developed rapidly over the past few decades.As a powerful tool for charactering biomacromolecules,terahertz spectroscopy and imaging technologies have been demonstrated their broad prospects in diagnostic and clinical medicine.The specific components of biological samples can be quantitatively analyzed by a terahertz spectroscopy,and similarly,the spatial distribution of the components measured in samples can be detected with terahertz imaging systems.This paper reviews some representative in the fields of terahertz diagnostic medicine based on the types of terahertz optical systems,some investigations on terahertz biological effects are introduced from the level of biological individuals,tissues,cells,and biological macromolecules.Although this field is still in the trial and preliminary exploration stage,there are many pioneering researches with great potential have been proposed,such as terahertz-assisted targeted drug transmembrane transport and terahertz cancer cell DNA demethylation.Finally,the research status of terahertz biological effects is summarized and the key directions and possible breakthroughs in this field are analyzed and prospected.