石家庄市园林绿地外来入侵植物种类及分布特征

Investigation and Distribution Characteristic of Alien Invasive Plants in Garden Greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City

通过对公园、道路、小区(园区)等30个调查样区园林绿地的调查,发现石家庄市园林绿地中共有20科44属56种外来入侵植物。在生活型上,草本植物占绝对优势,为92.9%;原产地为美洲的最多,占66.1%;在引入途径上,人工引种和无意引入的植物几乎各占一半;外来入侵植物分布的种类和数量与绿地面积大小、样区建成时间的长短、绿地组成结构以及绿化管护水平相关,其中绿地面积大、建成时间长、绿地以草本植物为主、绿化管护水平较低的样区分布较多;在56种外来入侵植物中有3种具有毒性,从入侵性上看,外来入侵植物共分为恶性入侵类、严重入侵类、局部入侵类、一般入侵类以及有待观察类5个等级。

We investigated 30 sample areas such as parks,roads and communities(campus),etc..56 species of alien invasive plants belongedto 43 genera,20 families in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%.In the way of introduction,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounting for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the sample area,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.The sample areas were distributed more with large greenbelt area,long build time,the herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,alien invasive plants were divided into 5 grades including malignant invasion,serious invasion,local invasion,general invasion and category to be observed.