义务教育阶段学生手机使用及依赖现状分析——以北京市某区义务教育阶段学生为例

Analysis of the Current State of Mobile Phone Use and Dependence among Students in Compulsory Education:An Example of Compulsory Education Students in a District in Beijing

手机是中小学生上网的主要工具,手机管理已被纳入教育部下发的“五项管理”内容之一,在教育“双减”工作中,如何解决新时代中小学生手机使用和管理问题,是家校教育的热点与难题。青少年手机依赖是一个非常复杂的社会现象,涉及个人、家庭、学校、社会等多个层面的因素。本研究通过整群抽样、智能手机依赖量表及自编手机使用问卷对北京市某区27所义务教育阶段共8044名中小学生(13所小学、14所初中)进行问卷调查。结果表明:该区义务教育阶段学生手机使用呈低龄化趋势,小学和初中学生在手机使用时长方面存在显著差异;男生和女生在手机使用具体内容上存在显著差异;初中生在手机拥有率、使用时长方面均显著高于小学生,且存在显著的性别差异;初中生在手机依赖分数显著高于小学生,男生手机依赖分数略高于女生,但不存在显著差异。据此建议:在家庭层面,家长需关注孩子手机使用内容,在以身作则的同时,与孩子共同制定手机管理方案;在学校层面,应严格落实上级相关要求,引导教师科学管理学生手机使用行为,运用心理课等形式对学生加大宣传力度,并关注学生心理需求,创造多种机会满足学生人际交往需求;在社会层面,需多部门联合建立相关机制,发挥相关企业及社会团体社会责任,共同营造良好氛围。

Mobile phones are the main tool for primary and secondary school students to access the Internet,and mobile phone management has been included in the Five Management paper issued by the Ministry of Education.In China’s Double Reduction education initiative,addressing the issue of mobile phone use and management for primary and secondary school students in the new era is a hot topic and challenging problem for education at home and in school.Adolescents’mobile phone dependence is a very complex social phenomenon,involving factors at the individual,family,school and social levels.In this study,a total of 8044 primary and secondary school students(13 primary schools and 14 junior high schools)in 27 compulsory education schools in a district of Beijing were surveyed by means of whole-group sampling,a smartphone addiction scale,and a self-administered mobile phone use questionnaire.The results showed that:Mobile phone use among students at the compulsory education level in the district was trending towards a younger age,with significant differences between primary and junior high school students in terms of the length of mobile phone use;there were significant differences between boys and girls in terms of the specific content of mobile phone use;junior high school students had significantly higher mobile phone ownership rates and length of use compared to primary school students,and there were significant gender differences in this group;junior high school students had significantly higher mobile phone dependence scores than primary school students,and boys had slightly higher mobile phone dependence scores than girls.The mobile phone dependency scores of junior high school students were significantly higher than those of primary school students.The mobile phone dependency scores of male students were slightly higher than those of female students,but this difference was not significant.At the family level,parents should pay attention to the content of their children’s mobile phone use,set a good example and work out a mobile phone management plan with their children.At the school level,teachers should strictly implement the relevant requirements of their superiors,receive guidance on managing students’mobile phone use scientifically,use psychology classes and similar education to raise students’awareness of related issues,and pay attention to students’psychological needs in order create various opportunities to meet students’interpersonal needs.At the social level,there is a need for a multi-sectoral system to be established to allow relevant enterprises and social organizations to play a social role in creating a positive atmosphere.