尖扎核桃果实生长发育特性

Growth and Development Characteristics of Walnut(Juglans regia)Fruit in Jianzha

为明确青海尖扎核桃果实的动态变化规律,以尖扎当地核桃为研究对象,观察物候并记录其发育过程中果实外观形态、纵切面及横切面的结构变化,同时对不同发育时期鲜果果实质量、果实纵径、果实横径,干果果实质量、干果纵径、干果横径、干果侧径、种仁质量、壳厚、出仁率等进行测定及分析。结果表明:尖扎核桃果实生长发育经历了果实速长期、硬核期、油脂迅速转化期、果实成熟期4个时期。随着果实生长发育,鲜果果实质量、果实纵径、果实横径,干果果实质量、种仁质量总体呈增加的趋势。鲜果果实质量、果实纵径、果实横径随着发育时间的推移呈“慢-快-慢”的单“S”型曲线,且纵径累积生长量始终大于横径。9月中旬,坚果质量和出仁率达到最大值,此时可采收用以加工的果实,鲜食核桃可稍早进行采果。构建核桃果实生长发育数学模型可以较好地反映果实生长发育动态变化规律。

To elucidate dynamic change of walnut(Juglans regia L.)cultivated in Jianzha,taking local walnut as research objects,fruit appearance and morphology and fruit structures of longitudinal section and transverse section during fruit development process were observed,andten indexes including fresh fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,dry nut weight,nut longitudinal diameter,nut transverse diameter,lateral diameter,dry kernel weight,shell thickness,and kernel rate were measured and analyzed.The fruit development periods can be divided into four stage of rapid growth stage,core-harden stage,oil rapid transformation stage and fruit mature stage.With the growth and fruit development,fresh fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,dry nut weight,and kernel rate increased in general.In addition,fresh fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit transverse diameter showed“slow-fast-slow”pattern,single“S”shape,and the cumulative growth of fruit longitudinal diameter was greater than that of fruit transverse diameter.Dry nut weight and dry kernel weightarrived at their maximum respectively in mid-September,and can be harvested for processing,while the fruit for fresh consumption can be harvested a little earlier.The mathematical models of walnut fruit growth and development would reflect the dynamic change rule.