国家生态文明试验区对省域绿色全要素生产率的影响及溢出效应研究

Study on the Impact and Spillover Effect of National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone on Provincial Green Total Factor Productivity

绿色全要素生产率是测度我国生态文明建设的重要抓手,其效果的评估对于凝聚改革合力、增添绿色发展动能、探索生态文明建设模式具有重要意义。基于Super-SBM和GML指数测算出我国内地30个省、市、自治区(除西藏外)2010~2020的绿色全要素生产率,运用双重差分法及其扩展的空间形式将国家生态文明试验区的政策作为一项准自然试验,考察其政策效果及溢出效应。研究结果表明:国家生态文明试验区政策显著提高了试点省份的绿色全要素生产率,且具有明显的空间溢出效应;该结论在动态时间窗、安慰剂等一系列检验下仍具有稳健性;渠道分析表明降低能源强度、优化产业结构、创新低碳技术和发展绿色信贷是国家生态文明试验区政策促进绿色全要素生产率提高的重要路径;异质性检验结果显示,生态基础较差和经济发展水平较好的地区,绿色全要素生产率的提升更加明显。本文的研究为评估国家生态文明试验区的政策效果提供了分析视角、总结了有效经验,也为我国生态文明建设的推广与应用提供了政策参考。

Green total factor productivity is an important grip for measuring the construction of ecological civilization in China,and the assessment of its effect is important for gathering reform synergy,adding green development momentum,and exploring ecological civilization construction mode.This paper uses Super-SBM and GML indices to measure the green total factor productivity of 30 provinces and cities(except Tibet)in Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2020,and uses the double difference method and its extended spatial form to examine the policy effects and spillover effects of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone as a quasi-natural experiment.The findings show that the policy of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone significantly improves the green total factor productivity of the pilot provinces and cities,and has a significant spatial spillover effect.The findings are still robust under a series of tests such as dynamic time window and placebo;Channel analysis shows that reducing energy intensity,optimizing industrial structure,innovating low-carbon technology and developing green credit are important paths for the national ecological civilization pilot zone policy to promote the improvement of green total factor productivity;The results of heterogeneity test show that the green total factor productivity is improved more significantly in regions with poor ecological foundation and good economic development level.This study provides an analytical perspective and effective experience for evaluating the policy effect of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone,and provides policy reference for the promotion and application of ecological literature construction in China.