航空发动机用SiC/SiC复合材料典型元件设计及性能评价研究进展

Research Progress on Design and Evaluation of Typical SiC/SiC Composite Sub-elements Used for Aero Engines

SiC/SiC复合材料具有轻质、耐高温、高强度等优点,已在国外航空发动机热端部件上大量应用并取得积极效果。作为航空发动机关键材料“积木式”评价技术中的重要组成部分,元件级评价是连接材料级测试和部件级考核的桥梁纽带,对促进材料在部件上的应用至关重要。本文梳理了航空发动机热端部件中几种典型的SiC/SiC复合材料元件,包括开孔、“C”形、“T”形、筒形及翼形元件等,综述了针对不同类型元件所开展的评价试验及测试方法,包括力学性能测试、服役环境性能评价等,阐述了结构特征、材料性质等因素对元件损伤行为和失效机制的影响,最后提出我国在完善航空发动机用SiC/SiC复合材料元件研究方面的建议。

Continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix(SiC/SiC)composites have been widely used in hot-section components of aero engines due to their excellent properties such as light weight,high strength,and high temperature resistance.As an important part of the‘building block’approach in the evaluation of key aero engine materials,sub-element evaluation acts as a key stepping stone in bridging basic coupon testing and more complex component verification and validation.Here,typical forms of SiC/SiC composite sub-elements with structural characteristics such as open holes,and different shapes,e.g.‘C’,‘T’,cylinder and airfoil were reviewed.Meanwhile,the experiments performed,including mechanical test and service performance evaluation,were summarized,along with the mechanism of damage and failure with different characteristic structure and test conditions.Further,suggestions were proposed about research on SiC/SiC composite sub-elements for domestic aero engine developments.