基于固体工质的空间微推进技术研究进展

Research Progress of Space Micro-Propulsion Technology Based on Solid-Propellant

采用固体工质的微推力器具备结构简单、可靠性高、成本低的优点,是最适合微纳卫星的动力装置之一。固体微推进技术可分为微电推进和微化学推进两大类。本文介绍了五种典型固体微推力器的工作原理,包括微脉冲等离子体推力器、真空弧推力器、电控固体微推力器、激光微推力器、固体阵列微推力器,系统梳理了它们的发展历程,总结了其最新的研究进展和应用现状。在此基础上,对固体微推进技术的发展方向进行了展望,以期为微纳卫星动力系统的研发与优选提供参考。

Micro-thruster with solid propellant has the advantages of simple structure,high reliability and low cost,so it is one of the most suitable power devices for micro-nano satellite.Solid micro-propulsion technolo⁃gy can be divided into two categories:micro-electric propulsion and micro-chemical propulsion.This paper intro⁃duces the working principles of five typical solid micro-thrusters,including micro-pulse plasma thruster,vacu⁃um arc thruster,electronically controlled solid micro-thruster,laser micro-thruster and solid array micro-thrust⁃er,systematically combs their development history,and summarizes their latest research progress and applica⁃tion status.On this basis,the development direction of solid micro-propulsion technology is prospected,in order to provide reference for the research and development and optimization of micro-nano satellite power system.