不同大豆品种在新疆生态区主要农艺性状表现及产量的相关分析

Analysis of the main characters of soybean varieties in Xinjiang and their correlation with yield

【目的】评价不同大豆种质资源在新疆生态区的表现。【方法】以27份国内大豆种质资源为材料,测定11个主要农艺性状并进行变异系数、相关性、主成分、通径及聚类分析,综合评价其在新疆生态区的表现及产量。【结果】大豆主要数量性状具有丰富的变异,其变异系数达8.3%~78.8%。有效分枝数变异系数最大,百粒重变异系数最小。产量与有效分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈显著或极显著正相关,与底荚高度呈极显著负相关,而底荚高度与单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著负相关。总共提取了3个主成分,累积贡献率达75.98%,影响产量的主要性状有单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重。建立产量与单株粒数、百粒重、单株粒重之间的线性回归方程Y=-1989.985+39.429X 8+150.432X 10+23.137X 9,决定系数为R 2=0.887。单株粒数(0.863)和单株粒重(0.739)在决定大豆产量中较百粒重(0.155)更为重要。系统聚类分析在欧氏距离为15水平上将供试材料划分为七大类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅵ类群株高83 cm左右、生育期117 d左右,分枝少,产量高,属于中熟类型。【结论】适宜在新疆生态区种植,垦丰14、绥农29、合农62、黑农52、黑农61。中黄30、新丰1号、中黄54、黑农51、黑农55、黑农63生育期普遍在140 d左右,偏晚熟,不宜在新疆生态区种植。

【Objective】In order to rationally evaluate the performance of different soybean varieties in Xinjiang.【Methods】27 domestic soybean germplasms were selected as the experimental materials.Meanwhile,the coefficient of variation,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,path analysis and cluster analysis were conducted through eleven agronomic traits examination.【Results】The results showed that the main soybean quantitative traits have rich variations with the variation coefficient of 8.3%-78.8%.The variation coefficient of branch number is the largest and the variation coefficient of 100-seed weight is the smallest.The yield is has a positive or extremely positive correlation with branch number,pod number per plant,grain number per plant and grain weight per plant.However,the yield has a negative correlation with Height of lowest pod and has an extremely negative correlation with grain number per plant and grain weight per plant.Through principal component analysis,three components were extracted and the cumulative contribution rate reached 75.98%.It was obvious that the main traits affecting yield include grain number per plant、grain weight per plant and 100-seed weight and plant type factor.Stepwise regression analysis was applied to establish the linear regression equation Y=-1,989.985+39.429X 8+150.432X 10+23.137X 9 between yield and grain number per plant,100-seed weight and grain weight per plant.The determination coefficient was R 2=0.887.Based on path analysis,grain number per plant(0.863)and grain weight per plant(0.739)are of more importance than 100-seed weight(0.155)in determining soybean yield.Cluster analysis was adopted.Systematic cluster analysis classified the tested materials into seven divisions at Euclidean distance 15 level.The division Ⅰ、Ⅲ and Ⅵ have a plant height of about 83 cm and a growth period of about 117 d.They have few branches and high yield.They are of medium-maturing type and are suitable for planting in Yili,Xinjiang.【Conclusion】The main representative varieties are Kenfeng14,Suinong 29,Heinong 62,Heinong 52,Heinong 61.The growth period of Zhonghuang 30,Xinfeng 1,Zhonghuang 54,Heinong 51,Heinong 55 and Heinong 63 is generally around 140 d,which is late-maturing type,and should not be planted in Xinjiang.