市场机制、社会资本与共同富裕——基于中国多维减贫政策目标的视角

Market Mechanism,Social Capital and Common Prosperity-From the Perspective of China's Multi-dimensional Poverty Governance

党的十八大以来,中国开展的精准扶贫使得农村的多维贫困程度显著下降,继续改善农村多维贫困是新时期扎实推动共同富裕的重要环节和必要手段。本文在多维减贫政策目标下,考察了市场机制与社会资本的多维减贫效应及两者作用的关系。基于2014、2016及2018年北京大学中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),采用内生Probit模型进行了实证分析。研究发现:以农地流转市场化为代表的市场机制与农村社会资本都表现出显著的多维减贫效应。进一步分析两者作用的关系发现,市场机制对社会资本的多维减贫效应具有显著替代作用,农地流转市场化水平越高,社会资本的多维减贫效应更弱,更具体地表现为对集体社会资本而非个体社会资本的替代效应。随着市场化转型的推进,集体社会资本的作用被弱化了,市场机制发挥着更为关键的多维减贫效应。异质性分析中,与区域市场化水平较低地区以及农地转入样本相比,区域市场化水平较高地区以及农地转出样本中市场机制对集体社会资本的替代作用更强。机制检验发现,市场机制和个体社会资本对各维度贫困都有一定的缓解作用,市场机制对集体社会资本的替代作用也较为稳健,但对个体社会资本的替代和互补作用在不同减贫渠道中均有体现。针对研究结论,本文提出了推动农地流转市场化、培育农村社会资本以及健全多维减贫机制的对策建议。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),China's targeted poverty alleviation has significantly reduced the level of multidimensional poverty in rural areas.Continued multi-dimensional poverty governance is an important stage and a necessary means to promote common prosperity in the new era.Under the goal of multi-dimensional poverty reduction policy,we examine the multidimensional poverty reduction effect of market mechanism(marketization of farmland transfer)and social capital and the relationship between them.Based on the 2014,2016,and 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,the ivprobit model is used for empirical analysis.Results show that,both market mechanism and social capital play a significant role in multi-dimensional poverty reduction.Further analysis of the relationship between the two shows that,the marketization mechanism has a substitution effect on social capital,that is,the higher the level of marketization of farmland transfer,the weaker the multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect of social capital,which is more specifically expressed as a substitution effect on collective social capital.This means that with the deepening of the market-oriented transformation,the role of collective social capital has been weakened,and the process of rural marketization has a substitution effect.In the heterogeneity analysis,compared with the low level of regional marketization and the samples of farmland transfer-in,the substitution effect of market mechanism on collective social capital is stronger in the regions with higher level of regional marketization and samples of farmland transfer-out.The mechanism test shows that,the market mechanism and individual social capital have a certain mitigation effect on all dimensions of poverty,and the substitution effect of the market mechanism on collective social capital is also relatively stable,but the substitution and complementary effects on individual social capital vary in different poverty alleviation channels.Based on the research conclusions,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the marketization of farmland transfer,cultivate rural social capital,and establish the multidimensional poverty reduction mechanism.