低温长时间热加工对海参体壁蛋白质消化吸收特性的影响

Effect of low-temperature and long-time heat processing on digestion and absorption properties of sea cucumber body wall protein

以新鲜海参为原料,于低温(60℃和80℃)条件下进行不同时间(0 h、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h)的热加工,结合体外模拟消化实验和大鼠翻转肠囊模型,对海参体壁蛋白质变化情况(氧化规律、聚集程度、表面疏水性等)进行研究。结果表明:在整个热加工过程中,海参体壁蛋白质的羰基含量逐渐增加,游离巯基含量逐渐减少,蛋白质氧化程度呈时序性加剧;伴随热加工程度的加剧(热加工不足-适度-过度),蛋白质聚集程度先降低后升高再降低,表面疏水性先增强后减弱再增强,蛋白质平均粒径先增大后减小;经体外模拟消化实验和大鼠翻转肠囊模型转运后,蛋白质水解程度、体外消化率和多肽的跨膜转运水平均随加工时间的延长先升高后降低再升高。综上,于60℃条件下热加工3 h时,海参体壁蛋白质的体外消化率最高且吸收特性较好;于80℃条件下加工超过6 h时,有利于提高海参体壁蛋白质的消化吸收特性。

Fresh sea cucumber was processed at low temperature(60℃and 80℃)for different times(0 h,1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h).Combined with simulatior in vitro digestion and everted-rat-gut-sac model,the changes of protein in the body wall of sea cucumber(SCBWs),including oxidation rule,aggregation degree,surface hydrophobicity,proteolytic degree,in vitro digestibility,mean particle size and polypeptide transport etc,were studied.The results showed that during the whole process of heat processing,the carbonyl content group increased gradually,the free sulfhydryl content group decreased gradually,and the degree of protein oxidation showed a sequential increase.With the intensification of the degree of heat processing(underworking-moderate-excessive heat processing),the protein aggregation degree first decreased,then increased and then decreased,the surface hydrophobicity first increased and then decreased and then increased,and the mean protein particle size first increased and then decreased.After simulation in vitro digestion and everted-rat-gut-sac model,the degree of protein hydrolysis,protein in vitro digestibility and peptide transport levels were firstly increased,then decreased and then increased with the intensification of heat processing degree.In conclusion,the in vitro digestibility of SCBWs protein was the highest and the absorption characteristics were better when it was heat processed at 60℃for 3 h.The digestion and absorption characteristics of SCBWs protein were improved when the thermal treatment time was more than 6 h at 80℃.