考虑灾民公平偏好心理的应急物资调配研究

Research on emergency materialallocation considering victims' fairpreference psychology

为探究灾后初期应急物资调度过程中不同灾区之间资源分配不公平的影响,引入不公平厌恶效应模型,量化灾民公平偏好心理,综合考虑成本因素,构建公平效用最大、综合物流配送成本最小的多目标应急物资调配模型。设计NSGAⅡ算法对模型进行求解,以汶川地震为案例分析验证模型的有效性。结果表明,该模型能有效保障灾区的物资满足率和公平性,公平损失与效益损失之间是悖反关系,效益比公平更为敏感,决策者可以根据自身对公平损失和效益损失的偏重程度合理规划调度方案,确保应急救援的顺利进行,稳定灾民的心理情绪。研究成果对灾后初期多受灾点多配送中心的应急物资调配决策问题提供技术支持。

In this article,to explore the impact of the unfair distribution of materials between different disaster-stricken areas in the process of emergency material dispatching after an emergency,the unfair aversion effect model is introduced into this article to quantify the fair preference psychology of disaster victims in the disaster-stricken areas.Two objective functions(the objective functions of emergency material allocation with the maximum fair utility and the minimum comprehensive logistics cost)are constructed by comprehensively considering the cost of emergency material dispatching.The constructed model belongs to the multi-objective mixed integer programming model.There are many model variables and constraints,and the solution complexity is relatively high.Moreover,multiple objective functions are vulnerable to contradictory relations,and there is no unique optimal solution that meets all objectives.Therefore,the second-generation non-dominated sequencing genetic algorithm is designed to solve the two objective functions,because the algorithm is complex and efficient.The Wenchuan earthquake is used as the case background for analyzing and verifying the effectiveness of the model.The results show that the model can effectively guarantee the material satisfaction rate and fairness between the disaster areas after the occurrence of emergencies,and there is a contradictory relationship between the fair loss and the benefit loss in the process of emergency resource allocation.The benefit is more sensitive than the fairness.The decision-makers can reasonably plan the emergency material scheduling scheme according to their emphasis on the fair loss and the benefit loss,to ensure the smooth progress of emergency rescue and better stabilize the psychological emotions of the victims in the disaster area.The research results provide technical support for the decision-making of emergency material allocation in the scenario of multi-disaster affected points and multi-distribution centers with demand splitting in the early postdisaster period.