积极老龄化背景下某市城区老年人健康素养现况及影响因素研究

Status and influencing factors of health literacy among the elderly in an urban area under the context of active aging

目的调查某市城区老年人健康素养现状及影响因素。方法通过简单随机化抽取≥60岁老年人进行现况调查。采用《中国老年人健康素养调查问卷》收集资料。结果(1)老年人健康素养水平为23.2%,平均分为25.55±6.95。健康素养三个方面得分:基本理念(占87.1%)、基本技能(占29.8%)、基本知识(占21.3%);六类问题得分:科学老龄观(占87.1%)、安全与急救(占48.3%)、信息获取及自我保健(占47.8%)、健康生活方式(占42.5%)、卫生服务利用及慢病管理(占34.6%)、内在能力和老年综合征(占18.4%)。(2)对健康和健康知识比较关注和非常关注占69.1%;获取健康信息渠道包括看电视(占14.3%)、参加健康讲座/大讲堂(占13.2%)等。(3)养老方式、居住方式、月收入、对健康和健康知识的关注程度、定期体检和独立就医等变量与健康素养水平相关(所有P<0.05)。结论该城区老年人健康素养水平较高,但不同维度之间存在较大差异。健康和健康知识的关注程度是独立影响因素。建议通过强化政府主导作用,加强健康教育,促进个体主动健康的积极性等措施提高老年人健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of health literacy among the elderly in an urban area.Methods A survey was conducted using simple randomization sampling to collect data from elderly individuals aged 60 years or above.The Questionnaire on Health literacy of the Elderly in China was used for data collection.Results①The overall level of health literacy among the elderly was 23.2%,with an average score of 25.55±6.95.The three dimensions of the health literacy:basic concepts,basic skills,and basic knowledge were scored 87.1%,29.8%,and 21.3%,respectively.Its six items:scientific outlook on aging,safety and first aid,information access and self-care,healthy lifestyle,utilization of health services and chronic disease management,and intrinsic ability and senile syndrome were scored 87.1%,48.3%,47.8%,42.5%,34.6%and 18.4%,respectively.②Approximately 69.1%of the elderly population showed significant concerns for health and health knowledge.The main channels for obtaining health information included watching TV(14.3%),attending health lectures/lectures(13.2%).③The variables such as pension mode,living mode,monthly income,attention to health and health knowledge,regular physical examination and the ability to independently seeing a doctor were found to be significantly related to the level of health literacy(all P<0.05).Conclusion The level of health literacy among the elderly in this urban area is relatively high,but there are significant differences across different dimensions.The degree of attention given to health and health knowledge serves as an independent influencing factor.The government should take a leading role in strengthening health education and promoting the initiative of individuals to improve the health literacy level among the elderly.