湖北省2009-2019年主要生态用地的时空演变特征及驱动因素

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Major Ecological Lands in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2019

[目的]研究生态用地的时空演变规律及驱动因素对优化湖北省生态安全格局、提升区域生态系统服务可持续供给能力和筑牢长江中游生态屏障具有非常重要的现实意义。[方法]研究基于国土调查数据,利用景观格局指数和地理探测器模型,对湖北省2009—2019年主要生态用地的规模与结构、景观格局、时空变化特征和驱动因素进行了分析。[结果](1)湖北省生态用地的总量呈现上升趋势,但主要生态用地的连片度下降、人类活动对生态用地干扰和侵蚀风险增大。(2)城镇化和耕地开发等农业生产活动是生态用地流失的主要原因,退耕还林(湖)和土地整治工程是湖北省补充生态用地的主要途径。(3)斑块边缘密度、城镇化率和人均耕地面积等6个因子是湖北省生态用地变化的主要驱动因素。其中,城镇化率与第一产业产值之间的交互作用能解释86.6%的生态用地变化,表明城镇化和农业发展的综合作用是引发湖北省生态用地变化的主要原因。[结论]湖北省生态用地总量趋好,但生态用地的空间形态和人类生活及生产活动对生态用地造成的负面影响应重点关注,未来需优化生态空间保护格局、提高农用地及建设用地利用效率,筑牢长江中游生态屏障。

[Objective]The analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution patterns and drivers of ecological lands is of great significance to optimize the ecological security pattern and enhance the sustainable supply of regional ecosystem services in Hubei Province.[Methods]Based on the land survey data,the area and structure,landscape pattern,spatial and temporal changes and drivers of major ecological lands in Hubei Province during 2009—2019 were analyzed by using the landscape pattern indies and Geodetector model.[Results](1)The total area of ecological lands in Hubei Province showed a rising trend,while the contiguity of major ecological lands decreased during 2009—2019,and the risk of interference and erosion of ecological lands by human activities also increased at the same time.(2)Urbanization and agricultural production activities,such as the development of arable land and orchard,were the main causes of ecological lands loss.On the other hand,forest(lake)rehabilitation and land consolidation project were the main ways to replenish ecological lands in Hubei Province.(3)The major drivers of ecological land change in Hubei Province included average annual precipitation,urbanization rate,per capita arable land area,gross value of primary industry,and edge density and landscape shape index of the ecological land patches.Among them,the interaction between urbanization rate and primary industry output could explain 86.6%of ecological land changes,indicating that the combined effect of urbanization and agricultural development was the main cause of ecological land changes in Hubei Province.[Conclusion]The total amount of ecological land in Hubei Province was improving.However,attention should be focused on the negative impacts of ecological land spatial patterns and human activities,such as living and production,on the ecological land.In the future,it is necessary to optimize the ecological space protection pattern,enhance the utilization efficiency of agricultural and built-up land,and build a solid ecological barrier in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.